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Finland v Netherlands

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England)

Ladies Pairs Qualifying 1st session

                  Board 15. N/S vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  Q J T 7
                          H  3
                          D  K J 9 3 2
                          C  Q T 8
         S  9 8 5 4                          S  6 2
         H  9 7                              H  K Q J T 2
         D  T 6                              D  A Q 7
         C  K 7 6 5 2                        C  A J 9
                          S  A K 3
                          H  A 8 6 5 4
                          D  8 5 4
                          C  4 3


         West        North       East        South
         Van Zwol    Bckstrm   Hoogweg     Koistinen
         -           -           -           1H
         Pass        1S          Pass        2S
         Pass        Pass        Dble        Pass
         3C          All Pass    

Comments: 1H is 8-11HCP, unbalanced

Contract: Three Clubs, played by West

Lead: H3

Play: SK, Heart ruff, SA, Heart, on which West discarded a Spade.

Result: 8 tricks, NS +50

The Facts: Before deciding what to do on the third round of Hearts,
West consulted the Convention Card and read that the opening of 1H was
explained as being unbalanced. Since she could not imagine that
South might hold 2 Clubs, she discarded a Spade. She told the Director
that she would have ruffed with the King if she had known that South
could be 5332.

The Director: Found that there was no damage.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 40C

East/West appealed.

Present: All players

The players: North/South explained that with a 5332 in a Major they
can open either 1NT or 1 of the Major, and they realize that this is
not unbalanced. West explained that she realized North held all the
remaining points, and that the only distribution that was possibly
unbalanced in South was with singleton or void in clubs. That meant
that the contract was doomed, and she discarded a spade to guard
against trumps being 5-0. She had thought about this play for a long
while and was quite surprised to find a 5332 distribution in South.
She had not asked any further questions, solely relying on the mention
UNBAL on the Convention Card.

The Committee: Confirmed that a 5332 distribution is not unbalanced.
West had therefore been misinformed. However, West should have
realized that the first ruff had been with the 8, which meant that
North had made a very strange false card if she had more than three
clubs. If declarer had realized this, she would have asked again and
discovered that North/South did indeed consider a 5332 worthy of a 1H
opening.

Furthermore if the clubs are 5-0 the contract will always go two down
because North can lock declarer in dummy by a spade. If clubs are 4-1
she will always go one down, so West was not damaged.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld. North/South
receive the standard penalty of 10% of a top and are asked to correct
their Convention Card.

Deposit: Returned


Appeal No. 2

France v England

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy)

Ladies Pairs Qualifying 1st session

                  Board 5. N/S vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  Q 8 3 2
                          H  A 6 3
                          D  K 5
                          C  K Q T 3
         S  -                                S  A 5
         H  K 7 2                            H  Q T 9 8 5
         D  9 7 6 4 3                        D  A T 8
         C  A J 9 8 7                        C  6 5 4
                          S  K J T 9 7 6 4
                          H  J 4
                          D  Q J 2
                          C  2

         West        North       East        South
         Senior      Delacour    Penfold     Battin
         -           1C          1H          4S
         4NT         5S          All Pass    

Contract: Five Spades, played by South

Result: nine tricks, NS -200

The Facts: West had intended her bid of 4NT to show a choice of
contracts, but East interpreted it as being Blackwood (RKCB in
effect). East wanted to give this explanation in written form, but
could find no paper. North claimed that she asked Blackwood? and had
received a positive reply.

The Director: Found that there were facts in dispute and applied Law
85B, deciding that North had made her call without waiting for an
explanation. Since she did not receive an explanation, she could not
claim misinformation.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 85B

North/South appealed.

Present: All players

The players: West explained that she intended 4NT to indicate either
both minors, or one minor and a 3-card Heart fit. That would be the
correct system if East had opened the bidding, or if West had been
able to bid 2NT. East explained that she had interpreted it as
Blackwood. East/West told the Committee that they had never
encountered the sequence and had no way of proving the one or the
other explanation to be correct. North repeated that she had asked the
question and had thought she got a positive reply. East denied having
answered to any question. North stated that she intended to disturb
East/West's Ace asking and would not have bid 5S if she had received
the other explanation.

The Committee: Agreed with the Director about the disputed facts. Most
probably, North had mistakenly interpreted some gesture from East.
However, she would have received the same information if she had
waited for a written explanation. The Committee decided therefore to
affect a ruling as if the answer had in fact been Blackwood. Since
East/West had no way of providing evidence that this explanation was
correct, the Appeal Committee must assume mistaken explanation. The
Committee considered North's choice of bid very poor. In fact, the
overcall might be more appropriate over the explanation as given by
West. The Committee felt that North had not been damaged by the
explanation.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling modified, but original
table result still stands.

Relevant Laws: Law 40C

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 3

Russia v Italy

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England)

Ladies Pairs Qualifying 2nd session

                  Board 20. Both vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  Q
                          H  T 6 2
                          D  K Q 6 4
                          C  A Q 9 7 3
         S  -                                S  K J T 8 7 3 2
         H  A K J 8 4 3                      H  Q 9 7
         D  9 8 7 5 3                        D  A 2
         C  J 8                              C  T
                          S  A 9 6 5 4
                          H  5
                          D  J T
                          C  K 6 5 4 2

         West        North       East        South
         D'Andrea    Volina      Canesi      Romanovska
         2H          Pass        2S          Pass
         3H          Pass        4H          All Pass

Comments: 2H showed five Hearts and four or more of a minor.

Contract: Four Hearts, played by West

Lead: King of Diamonds

Result: 11 tricks, NS +650

The Facts: East intended her bid of Two Spades as being an asking
relay, and she explained the response of Three Hearts as showing
four clubs and minimum two spades. West had forgotten that part of the
system and had simply intended Three Hearts as natural, and afraid of
the void in spades. East/West could not produce evidence of this, and
so the Director ruled misinformation. After the session, some sort of
evidence was found but by now it was to late to change the ruling and
so an appeal was necessary.

The Director: Considered that there had been misinformation and
applied Law 12C3.

Ruling: North/South receive: 60% of the available Matchpoints
East/West receive: 40% of the available Matchpoints

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C Law12C3, Code of Practice enabling
Tournament Director to award Adjusted Scores under Law 12C3.

East/West appealed.

Present: All players

The players: East produced a piece of paper, with a hand-written
explanation of the bidding after the opening of 2H. According to this,
2S is indeed an asking bid, and 3H and 3S indicate clubs, resp.
diamonds as the minor suit, and two cards in spades. With three
spades, the responses are 3C and 3D, and with void or singleton, 2NT.
East explained that she had last played with her current partner two
years ago in Malta, and this system had been agreed upon there.
East/West had not discussed the sequence this year.

When asked why she used the asking bid of 2S, rather than bidding 4H
straight away, she responded that she would have liked to hear 3 card
support. With only 2 spades, she preferred partner to play the hand.
East/West had not lodged their system, as had been asked by the
organization. North stated that she would have led a heart with a
different explanation.

The Committee: Considered that the Organization had asked the players
to lodge their systems, but that only a minority had done so.
Nevertheless, the Committee decided not to disallow the evidence and
consider it on its merits. It was found that the paper was genuine and
that this system was indeed played in Malta. However, without any
intermediate discussion, it cannot be said that there was partnership
understanding that this system still applied.

The Committee therefor decided that North had indeed been misinformed.
With a more correct explanation it is not clear what lead would be
chosen, although it would quite unlikely be a high diamond. The
Committee decided to weight the scores, according to Law 12C3. With a
heart lead, the contract may well go down, while with any other lead
(excluding high diamonds) and a heart return, 10 tricks are the normal
result.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to Both sides receive: 50% of
4H-1 (NS +100) plus 50% of 4H making (NS -620)

Deposit: Returned

Committee's Note: The Committee wants to point out that the chosen
weightings represent true expectations.

Appeal No. 4

Croatia v Poland

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Denmark)

Ladies Pairs Final 1st session

                 Board 23. Both vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  A K 2
                          H  J 5
                          D  K 5 2
                          C  A T 8 7 4
         S  9 4                              S  Q J 7 5 3
         H  Q 9 7 6 2                        H  3
         D  A 7 3                            D  J T 9 6 4
         C  K 6 3                            C  J 5
                          S  T 8 6
                          H  A K T 8 4
                          D  Q 8
                          C  Q 9 2


         West        North       East        South
         Sendacka    Sver        Neronowicz  Pilipovic
         -           -           -           1H
         Pass        2C          Pass        2H
         Pass        2NT         Pass        3NT
         All Pass    

Contract: Three No-Trumps, played by North

Lead: Jack of Diamonds

Play: North took the third round of diamonds, and then took the double
club finesse from the table.

Result: 8 tricks, NS -100

The Facts: West took the first trick and returned the seven of
diamonds. After the play to trick three, declarer consulted the
Convention Card and asked about the meaning of the seven followed by
the three. The reply was odd number. Since North believed the odd
number referred to the remaining number of cards, she thought diamonds
were 4-4. Now she thought she could afford to finesse the clubs
towards East. North explained to the Director that she would have made
her contract by playing differently if she had known that diamonds
were 5-3.

The Director: Ruled that North had been misinformed and adjusted the
score.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 3NT making, NS +600

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C, 12C2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players

The players: East/West explained that it was their system to return
the seven from three cards to the Ace. The explanation odd refers to
the original number and they could not imagine that anyone could
misunderstand that explanation.

North told the Committee that she had asked what the seven-three meant
and that she had received a reply odd number of cards.

The Committee: Understood that there was a problem of
misunderstanding. In some countries it is common to show the number of
cards originally held, while in others the remaining number is shown.
An experienced declarer should realize that problem and should never
arrive in this situation. She should always protect herself. One way
of doing that is to write down A73 and Ax73 and to make her
opponent circle the relevant order of play.

The Committee felt that North had not done enough to protect herself.

The Committee's Decision: Original table result restored

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 5

Israel v Austria

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Denmark)

Open Teams Round 6

                  Board 20. Both vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  J T 8 4
                          H  6
                          D  A J T 3
                          C  A K 6 5
         S  A K 6 5                          S  2
         H  Q 8 5 4 3                        H  K J 7 2
         D  K 5 2                            D  Q 7 4
         C  7                                C  Q J T 9 3
                          S  Q 9 7 3
                          H  A T 9
                          D  9 8 6
                          C  8 4 2

         West        North       East        South
         T Terraneo  Barel       Simon       Aviram
         1H          Dble        2NT         Pass
         3C          Pass        4H          All Pass

Contract: Four Hearts, played by West

Lead: Ace of Clubs

Play: Ace of Diamonds, King of Clubs, intending to give partner a ruff
thereafter

Result: 10 tricks, NS -620

The Facts: East had explained the bid of Three Clubs as Trial bid
with at least 3 clubs. North called the Director because he had based
his plan on that explanation, intending to cash the first four tricks.
With a different explanation, he would have played differently and
defeated the contract.

The Director: Discovered that East/West could not demonstrate that the
explanation which North had received was the correct one and adjusted
the score. The Directors believed the defence to be difficult and
checked around the room, finding that 20 out of 27 declarers made Four
Hearts.

Ruling: Score adjusted to

Both sides receive: 25% of 4H-1 by West (NS +100) plus 75% of 4H made
(NS -620)

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C Law12C3, Code of Practice enabling
Tournament Director to award Adjusted Scores under Law 12C3.

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: East/West explained that they had recently changed their
system and that East's explanation had been the correct one. West had
bid as if there had been no double in North. However, they agreed that
they could not produce any evidence to support this.

East told the Committee that North had asked the same question twice
and that the second time he had added that partner might well have
forgotten the recent change in system. North/South explained that the
defence actually taken at the table was consistent with the
explanation that had been received. With an explanation that better
corresponded to Declarer's actual hand, finding a successful line of
defence is not difficult.

North /South believed they should get more benefit of the doubt than
had been given to them.

The Committee: Believed that the Director had made a correct decision
when ruling that there had been misinformation and damage. The
Director should however not only have followed the frequency of
similar results around the room, but considered the deal on its
merits. Given that this defender can picture declarer with singleton
club, a successful line of defence is much more easily found than the
awarded weight of 25% would suggest.

The Committee decided the defence would be found more than half of the
time and settled on 60%.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling modified Both sides
receive: 60% of 4H-1 by West (NS +100) plus 40% of 4H made (NS -620)

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 6

Netherlands v Switzerland

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Denmark)

Open Teams Round 8

                  Board 1. None vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  5 3
                          H  T 4 3
                          D  J 8 7
                          C  K Q J 3 2
         S  K 9 7 6                          S  J T 2
         H  A Q J 7 2                        H  K 9 8 6 5
         D  K Q T                            D  6
         C  9                                C  8 5 4
                          S  A Q 8 4
                          H  -
                          D  A 9 5 4 3
                          C  A T 7 6

         West        North       East        South
         Teylouni    Maas        Levy        Ramondt
         -           Pass        Pass        1D
         Dble        Pass        1H          Dble
         2D          3C          3H          4C
         4H          5C          Pass        Pass
         Dble        All Pass    

Contract: Five Clubs doubled, played by North

Lead: Jack of Spades

Play: Queen-King of Spades, six of Spades returned, small diamond to
West's King and another spade.

Result: 10 tricks, NS -100

The Facts: This was the vu-graph match, open room. North had asked
East about returns. North had written Q752 and Q7652 on a piece of
paper and East had circled the 5 and 2 respectively. On this basis,
North decided to ruff the fourth trick, instead of letting it run to
the 8 and discarding a diamond. At the end of the play, North had
asked a similar question of West. West circled the fourth highest from
original holding. North called the Director. It turned out that East
had not understood the question and thought North had been asking
about the leads.

The Director: Considered that North should have written not only the
cards but also his question instead of speaking it.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

North/South appealed.

Present: All players except South, and both Captains

The players: North told the Committee that he had said If you take
and return. After East had circled the appropriate cards, North had
thought for several minutes and then asked the question again to make
absolutely sure. East had now replied same as leads.

East stated that North had asked what do you play but he admitted
that North had indeed used the word return. East thought the
question had been about leads in general, and had answered same as
leads to indicate that subsequent leads are made in the same way as
opening leads.

North believed it was clear that he wanted information about returns
in the relevant suit, spades, and not about subsequent leads in other
suits. He believed that East should have realized that.

When asked why he had written Q's on his questions, rather than K's,
as had actually been played, North replied that they were both honours
after all. The interesting cards were the small ones and he had been
very specific to East about those.

The Committee: Considered that North had done a lot to get the
information that he wanted. He had used proper English words, and it
was East who had misunderstood the word return. It should have been
clear to East that North was only interested in the Spade situation.
East/West's actual agreement was as West had explained it after the
hand, and corresponded to the real holding. On North's very careful
questions, East should have actively explained their methods to North,
in accordance with the principle of full disclosure. East had not done
so, and the Committee concluded that North had been misinformed.

The Committee also believed there was resulting damage. However, it
was not certain that North would always discard.

The Committee decided that, if North had received the correct answer
to the question he had asked, -as his alternative to make the contract
by a different play was against the odds- North would discard two
times out of three, and subsequently make his contract. The Committee
decided to adjust the score on that basis.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to

Both sides receive: 66.7% of 5CX making by North (NS +550) plus 33.3%
of 5CX-1 by North (NS -100)

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 7

Croatia v Luxembourg

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Jean-Paul Meyer (France)

Open Teams Round 9

                  Board 4. Both vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  7 6
                          H  A Q T 8 5
                          D  A Q 7 2
                          C  K 2
         S  A Q J 8                          S  4 2
         H  J 4 3                            H  K
         D  J T 5                            D  9 4 3
         C  9 8 4                            C  Q J T 7 6 5 3
                          S  K T 9 5 3
                          H  9 7 6 2
                          D  K 8 6
                          C  A

         West        North       East        South
         Renno       Lamza       Helling     Tomic
         Pass        1H          3C          4H
         4S          Pass        Pass        Dble
         Pass        Pass        5C          5H
         All Pass    

Comments: Three Clubs was explained by West to South as showing Spades
and Diamonds

Contract: Five Hearts, played by North

Result: 10 tricks, NS -100

The Facts: North initially put a bid of 1NT on the tray, but changed
this to his intended 1H. East, who was thinking of bidding 3C over
1NT, did the same over 1H, but forgot that this was now showing Spades
and Diamonds. South called the Director after the bid of 5C, but then
bid 5H before the investigations were over. Subsequently it turned out
that East only realized his mistake when the Director asked him what
3C meant.

The Director: Investigated the Convention Card and complementary
sheets and discovered that 3C indeed showed Spades and Diamonds. This
meant that South had received a correct explanation. North did not get
a correct information about the system, but the Director ruled that
North was not damaged by this wrong explanation.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 40A

North/South appealed.

Present: All players except South, and both Captains

The players: North/South found that both players were deprived of
their normal bids. North has a clear Double over 4S, showing points,
and preventing South from bidding at the 5 level.

East explained his mistake. He had thought some time of bidding 3C
over 1NT and when North changed his call to 1H, the decision had
become easier and so he did make the call. East/West had been playing
together for 4 years, and had been using two-suiter calls but have
only recently changed them to specified 2-suiters.

The Committee: Agreed with the Director that North had not been
damaged, and found that the appeal lacked merit.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 8

Poland v Israel

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark)

Senior Teams Round 2

                   Board 6. E/W vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  5 4
                          H  K 7 6 4 3 2
                          D  Q J 9
                          C  A 9
         S  K Q 3                            S  A J 9 8 2
         H  A Q T 8                          H  J 9 5
         D  -                                D  A 7
         C  K J 6 5 4 2                      C  T 8 7
                          S  T 7 6
                          H  -
                          D  K T 8 6 5 4 3 2
                          C  Q 3

         West        North       East        South
         Shachaz     Klapper     Pezi        Russyan
         -           -           Pass        Pass
         2C          Pass        2S          3D
         4S          Pass        Pass        5D
         Pass        Pass        Dble        All Pass

Comments: 2C Precision, 2S non-forcing

Contract: Five Diamonds doubled, played by South

Result: nine tricks, NS -300

The Facts: West had noticed a hesitation during the passes after 4S on
the other side of the screen and called the Director after the bid of
Five Diamonds. South agreed to the Director that there had been some
delay.

The Director: Ruled on Unauthorized Information. He decided that
passing was a logical alternative for South, and that the hesitation
had suggested bidding on.

Ruling: Score adjusted to Four Spades by East, 11 tricks, NS -650

Relevant Laws: Law 16A2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players, both Captains and a Polish translator.

The players: North/South told the Committee that East had not even put
a pass-card on the tray, and that East had pushed the tray through
(contrary to regulations). East/West denied both these allegations.

North stated he had thought for maximum 10 seconds, and that the tray
had stayed on his side for a total of 15 seconds. East said the delay
had lasted at least 30 seconds, maybe a full minute. West said the
tray had stayed away for a very long time. She remembered that they
had 12 minutes for the last two boards, but after this one, there
remained only 2 minutes for the last board. She thought the tray had
come back after approximately 1 minute.

South explained that he did not open the bidding to see what would
happen. West has maximum 15 HCP (Precision), and East is a passed
hand, so partner North must have some points. At this favourable
vulnerability he considered the save obvious.

The Committee: Saw no reason not to go with the Director on his
decision that there had been a break of tempo. Souths bid of Five
Diamonds is certainly helped by the hesitation, which could only have
been from his partner.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 9

Latvia v Finland

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England), Eric Kokish (Canada)

Open Teams Round 12

                 Board 13. Both vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  Q T 4
                          H  J 6 2
                          D  A K J 9 2
                          C  8 7
         S  7 6                              S  K 8 2
         H  A T 5 4                          H  K Q 9 8 7 3
         D  Q T                              D  6 4 3
         C  A Q J 5 3                        C  6
                          S  A J 9 5 3
                          H  -
                          D  8 7 5
                          C  K T 9 4 2

         West        North       East        South
         Juuri-Oja   Eliasson    Utter       Magnusson
         -           1D          2H          2S
         3C          All Pass    

Comments: 2H weak, 2S non-forcing

Contract: Three clubs, played by West

Result: three tricks, NS +600

The Facts: South had alerted 2S and explained it as non-forcing, but
North had not alerted it. West had intended his 3C to be forcing and
indicating a Heart fit, but since 2S was not alerted to East, he had
interpreted it as long clubs, which is why East passed. East then
called the Director to complain about the non-alert.

The Director: Could not find any evidence on East/West's Convention
Card to indicate that there was indeed a double meaning for 3C
depending on the forcing nature of 2S.

The Director also insisted that if East is aware that this difference
in meaning is so important to them, he should have protected himself
better and ask for the range of the 2S bid.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

East/West appealed.

Present: South, East and the Captain of Finland

The players: South explained that North had indeed forgotten to alert,
because he had simply thought it was natural.

East told the Committee that if 2S is forcing, 3C simply shows an
independent suit, but if it is non-forcing, it must include Heart
tolerance. East/West could not prove this by any system notes. When
asked why he did not ask about the range for 2S, East simply said that
he had no reason to do so, since it had not been alerted.

The Committee: Chose to believe the explanation of East/West about the
difference of meaning for 3C dependent on the forcing nature of 2S. It
is a normal manner of playing after all.

The Committee read the relevant part of the alert regulations, which
say Any call  whose partnership meaning may not be understood by the
opponents, is an alertable call  The Committee then had to decide
who had made the more grave error: North for not alerting or East for
not protecting himself. Since an alert is there after all to awaken
the opponent, East has some excuse for staying asleep without the
alert.

The Committee decided to award an adjustment. It was felt that the
most likely end contract was Three Spades by North/South.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to 3S+1 by North, NS +170

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 10

Iceland v Scotland

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England), Eric Kokish (Canada)

Open Teams Round 11

                  Board 12. N/S vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  A K J 5 4 2
                          H  8
                          D  Q J 7 5 3
                          C  4
         S  -                                S  Q T 6 3
         H  A Q T 7 6 3 2                    H  4
         D  K T 8                            D  9 6
         C  K J 2                            C  A T 8 6 5 3
                          S  9 8 7
                          H  K J 9 5
                          D  A 4 2
                          C  Q 9 7


         West        North       East        South
         Whittaker   Baldursson  Steel       Sigurhjartarsso
         1H          3C          Pass        Pass
         3H          Pass        Pass        3S
         Pass        4S          All Pass    

Comments: 3C showed Diamonds and Spades, but South had forgotten this.

Contract: Four Spades, played by North

Result: 8 tricks, NS -200

The Facts: South had forgotten that 3C showed the pointed suits and of
course forgot to alert as well. When the tray came round again, South
remembered the system and called the Director before bidding again.

The Director: Ruled that it was too late to change the bid of Three
Hearts and asked to play on. At the end of the board, the Director
checked the Convention Card, which confirmed that 3C showed the
two-suiter. The Director subsequently ruled that the failure by South
to alert 3C had caused no damage to East/West.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: East/West stated that they did understand the legal
considerations of the case. West was entitled to a correct information
about the system, but not to the knowledge that South had forgotten
this. West explained that if he knows the clubs are supposed to be
with South, his hand has more defensive potential than if the clubs
are in North. East/West were asked to explain the style of their
doubles over a natural 3C overcall, and they stated that a Double
could have been made with anything from 5S/5D, 7HCP to just 5D, 11
HCP. The East/West captain added that, while they are not entitled to
know that there has been a misunderstanding, the possibility of such
an occurrence might well be enough, in case of doubt, to make West
pass. North/South had no comments on the case itself, but South added
that, when he had remembered the convention, he had bid 3S rather than
passed 3H, because he considered this to be more fair.

The Committee: Started by restating the legal position. When West is
told that 3C shows Spades and Diamonds, and South passes (presumably
showing long clubs and no interest in the 2 suits shown), what does
West do? After a lengthy discussion, the Committee decided to call the
Director back in, and asked him the comments that were made by the
players that had been consulted. It turned out that 3 out of 4 players
would have bid 3H, while the fourth would have investigated if the
possibility existed that North/South had a bidding mistake. It was on
that basis that the Director had made his ruling. In the end, the
Committee voted, and when the result was 2-2 the Chairman cast his
second vote with the Director.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 11

Austria v Belgium

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Grattan Endicott
(Scribe, England), Naki Bruni (Italy)

Open Teams Round 12

                  Board 20. Both vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  T 7 5 2
                          H  Q 7 4
                          D  Q 9 8 7 3
                          C  5
         S  J 9                              S  K Q 8 6 3
         H  J 9 8 2                          H  A 5
         D  T 2                              D  A 4
         C  K J 9 3 2                        C  A Q 6 4
                          S  A 4
                          H  K T 6 3
                          D  K J 6 5
                          C  T 8 7

         West        North       East        South
         Kaplan      Gloyer      Polet       Schifko
         Pass        Pass        1S          Pass
         1NT (1)     Pass        3C (2)      Pass
         4C          Pass        4D (3)      Dble
         Pass (4)    Pass        Redble (5)  Pass
         4S          Pass        4NT         Pass
         5C          All Pass    

Comments: (1) Forcing (2) Game-forcing (3) Cue-bid (4) no 1st or 2nd
control (5) 1st control

Contract: Five Clubs, played by East

Lead: Three of Hearts

Result: 11 tricks, NS -600

The Facts: The Director was called to the table before the opening
lead. South drew attention to the long' delay in returning the tray
after the 4NT bid. West disputed this. South also complained that he
had failed to obtain a clear explanation of the 5 Clubs bid, West had
taken time to make this bid and stated that he was unsure what was the
agreed trump suit. After the play was completed the Director was
recalled and North/South protested the failure to show the King of
Clubs, the 4NT being RKCB, or to bid 6 Clubs.

The Director: Could not establish how long had been the delay in
returning the tray after the 4NT bid, and made a Law 85B ruling,
advising the NS players of their right to appeal.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 16 Law 85B

North/South appealed.

Present: All players, both Captains, and the Austrian scorer.

The players: North/South wished to stress that they suggested no
ethical fault on the part of their opponents but they felt that the
failure to admit possession of the King of Clubs could have been
influenced by the long delay in passing the tray and should be
considered a use of unauthorized information. There was in their
opinion illicit information and their opponents had gained from it.
East/West confirmed to the Committee that 4S was bid to suggest a
possible contract and denied a Heart control, West being limited to a
doubleton in Spades at this stage. East confirmed that the 3C bid
would normally show at least four cards in the suit. Whilst East had
deemed Clubs to be the trump suit when he had bid 4NT, if partner had
responded 5D he could sign off in 5 Spades. West said he had chosen
not to show the key card because he thought he had a bad hand. Both
sides expressed opinions as to whether 5S/5C should be made. South
said the delay had been at least one-and-a-half minutes before the
tray came back with the 4NT bid, but East said that the tempo was
normal - about 15 seconds.

The Committee: The Committee held that the circumstance in which 4NT
was bid following a long and complicated auction was one where East
had some entitlement to consider his bid whatever the nature of his
problems. It is not the case that West can tell from a delayed return
of the tray in such a position what East has needed to think about.
The Code of Practice states: Attention is drawn to the distinction to
be made in the tempo expected when players encounter highly unusual
situations. Directors and Appeals Committees should be sympathetic.
Furthermore the Committee was of a mind that the delay was not
anywhere near one-and-a-half minutes.

The Committee's Decision: There was no unauthorized information.
Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 12

Czech Republic v Belgium

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Grattan Endicott
(Scribe, England), Carlo Mosca (Italy), Jean-Paul Meyer (France),

Open Teams Round 14

                  Board 10. Both vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  A J 2
                          H  J 7 2
                          D  K 8 2
                          C  9 8 7 2
         S  T 9 4                            S  Q 7
         H  T 4                              H  K Q 5
         D  A 5 3                            D  Q J T 9 7 4
         C  K Q T 5 3                        C  6 4
                          S  K 8 6 5 3
                          H  A 9 8 6 3
                          D  6
                          C  A J

         West        North       East        South
         Labaere     Zadrazil    Carcassonne Vozabal
         -           -           2C          2D
         3C          Pass        3NT         All Pass

Comments: 2C is weak with Diamonds, or 20-23 balanced, or a
semi-forcing one-suiter

Contract: Three No-Trumps, played by East

Result: 5 tricks, NS +400

The Facts: Appeals 12 and 15 are from the same match, but from
different tables. The Director was called during the auction, between
North's Pass and East's 3NT bid. East complained that she had not
received a clear explanation of South's 2D bid. Her difficulty was
that after a natural overcall 3C would be forcing, whilst after a
take-out bid it would be non-forcing. The Director asked the players
to complete the board, at the end of which East-West felt they had
been damaged.

The Director: Considered there had been an infraction but that the
damage was not consequent.

Ruling: Result stands.

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C, 12C2.

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: East stated that in the absence of an alert from North
she thought herself entitled to treat South's bid as natural. Opposite
a forcing 3NT her hand was so good that she believed she must bid 3NT.
North said he had not alerted but, in answer to her question, had told
East that the actual situation had not been discussed but that it
would be either take-out with majors or natural.

The Committee: Decided that there had been misinformation by North to
East, and that East was entitled to some protection. The Committee did
not consider East's 3NT bid was the best judged bid available. Various
possible alternative auctions (with good information) were examined. A
contract of Four Diamonds was selected from these as most nearly
fitting what was appropriate for both sides under Law 12C2. This being
adjudged equitable there was no reason to have recourse to Law 12C3.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to 4D by East/West, 2 down,
NS +200

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 13

Sweden v Hungary

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Eric Kokish (Canada)

Open Teams Round 14

                  Board 9. E/W vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  A K 9
                          H  A Q 8
                          D  5 4
                          C  K 9 7 5 3
         S  Q J                              S  6 2
         H  7                                H  K 9 6 5 3 2
         D  K Q T 9 7 6 2                    D  A
         C  A J 2                            C  Q T 8 6
                          S  T 8 7 5 4 3
                          H  J T 4
                          D  J 8 3
                          C  4

         West        North       East        South
         Honti       Andersson   Szilagyi    Gullberg
         -           1C          2H          Pass
         Pass        2NT         Pass        3D
         Dble        Pass        Pass        3S
         All Pass    

Comments: 1C was 12-16 (almost any distribution) in a strong diamond
system, 2H was a weak overcall, and the meaning of 2NT was what caused
the problems.

Contract: Three Spades, played by South

Result: 9 tricks, NS +140

The Facts: South had not been certain about the meaning of the bid of
2NT. He had explained it as minors, but could also be strong NT. On
the next round, the tray had apparently come back to South-West (with
the two passes), after some delay. West called the Director, claiming
that South had used the unauthorized information that was present in
the delay, to run from Diamonds to Spades.

The Director: Established that the delay had been slight, around 15
seconds The Director consulted with players, who would all have taken
out to Spades, and ruled that passing was not a logical alternative.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 16A

East/West appealed.

Present: All players except East, and both Captains

The players: West corrected a few things from the Director's
statement. South had told him 2NT showed a minor two-suiter, only
later adding that he was not certain about this. The delay had been,
according to West, longer than 15 seconds, and he had not corrected
the Director earlier because the Director had established, at the
table, that there had been a break in tempo. North told the Committee
he had taken only a few seconds to take in the bidding and decide to
pass, and had then answered a question posed to him by East. He
thought the tray had gone back within a delay of some 15 seconds.

North/South were not certain about their actual methods. If the
overcall is of 1H, and this is raised to 2H, then 2NT certainly does
show the minors, but this particular sequence had not been discussed.
When asked why he had doubled 3D, West replied he thought they had
nowhere to run.

West finally pointed out to the Committee that if the agreement really
was minors, there would have been no need for any delay, and the tray
would have come back immediately, especially since North/South are
notoriously fast bidders. In his opinion there had been unauthorized
information.

The Committee: Agreed with the Director on his ruling that there had
been slight misinformation, and on his judgment that there passing was
not a logical alternative. The Committee added a third consideration
in finding that there was no reason to adjust the score: even if there
is unauthorized information, it is not clear what that information
suggests. South does not know that North has the same doubts that he
has, and he has no way of telling what North is thinking about, or
even that it was North thinking and not simply East or North asking
for explanations.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 14

Czech Republic v France

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Eric Kokish (Canada),

Ladies Teams Round 6

                 Board 17. None vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  8 3
                          H  A 9 8 7
                          D  A T 7 6
                          C  Q 8 6
         S  A Q J 6 5 4                      S  9 7
         H  K Q 2                            H  T 6 4
         D  Q 5                              D  K 8 4 3
         C  7 3                              C  J T 5 2
                          S  K T 2
                          H  J 5 3
                          D  J 9 2
                          C  A K 9 4

         West        North       East        South
         Lustin      Erdeova     Avon        Hnatova
         -           Pass        Pass        Pass
         1S          Pass        Pass        1NT
         2S          Dble        All Pass    

Contract: Two Spades Doubled, played by West

Lead: small Club

Play: Club to South's King, low Heart returned, on which West played
the King.

Result: 7 tricks, NS +100

The Facts: North's Double had been alerted, by North to East, and
explained as Take-Out. South had not alerted the Double, but West had
asked anyway, and South had said it was Penalty. After the end of
play, West called the Director and stated she would have played low to
the Heart, and made her contract, if she had known the Double was for
take-out. South is already known to have Ace-King of Clubs, and if the
double is for take-out, the King of Spades had to be in South and the
two red aces in North, to account for the three passes at the start of
the auction.

The Director: Found nothing on the Convention Card to substantiate
either explanation of the Double, so had to rule that West had been
misinformed. The Director accepted West's explanation and ruled that
West had been damaged by this misinformation.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 2SX making, NS -470

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C Law12C2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players, both Captains and a Czech translator.

The players: North/South explained that West should have been able to
tell that South held the King of Spades. South had overcalled 1NT
after all, and in North/South's opinion, this can only be done with a
Spade stopper. West restated her opinion that North could not have
made a penalty double without the King of Spades. In her opinion,
there was no objection to compete with 1NT without a Spade stopper.

The Committee: Felt that both sides were expecting their opponents to
have the same idea of the bid of 1NT as was common in their own
country. When basing your line of play on such information, West could
have done more to protect herself by asking about the style of the 1NT
overcall and the Double.

The Committee's Decision: Original table result restored

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 15

Belgium v Czech Republic

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Grattan Endicott
(Scribe, England), Carlo Mosca (Italy), Jean-Paul Meyer (France)

Open Teams Round 14

                  Board 4. Both vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  5 4 2
                          H  6
                          D  K Q 8 3 2
                          C  J 8 4 3
         S  K                                S  Q J 9
         H  K Q T                            H  A J 9 4
         D  J 5                              D  T 9 7 6 4
         C  A Q T 7 6 5 2                    C  K
                          S  A T 8 7 6 3
                          H  8 7 5 3 2
                          D  A
                          C  9

         West        North       East        South
         Kurka       Kaplan      Mraz        Polet
         1C          Pass        1D          2D
         3C          3D          Dble        3S
         Pass        Pass        Dble        All Pass

Contract: Three Spades Doubled, played by South

Lead: Jack of Diamonds

Result: 9 tricks, NS +730

The Facts: Appeals 12 and 15 are from the same match, but from
different tables. The Director was called at the end of the play. West
claimed that he had been misinformed and that if he had correct
information he would lead the King of Spades. The information he had
been given suggested that North/South had fits in both majors and in
this circumstance the King of Spades did not seem a useful lead.

The Director: Consulted expert players, all of whom led the Spade
(although one said he would like to know who were his opponents), and
established that North was correct in explaining that South's bid was
natural by agreement.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 3SX-1, NS -200

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains.

The players: informed the Committee that, to West, South had explained
North's bid as a cue bid with a fit in both majors. North had not been
surprised by the number of Diamonds in the pack because in his
judgement East could have a three-card suit. He had correctly
explained his partnership agreement to East. The East player stated
that his bid would always show at least four Diamonds.

The Committee: Agreed with the Director that West had received
misinformation and had been damaged in consequence. The Committee
found that the King of Spades would be the likely lead if West had not
been misinformed. Serious consideration was given to retention of the
deposit.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 16

Spain v Finland

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Jean-Paul Meyer (France)

Open Teams Round 15

                  Board 1. None vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  K T
                          H  9 8
                          D  Q T 5 4
                          C  K 8 7 5 4
         S  Q 9 8 6                          S  J 7 5
         H  Q 6 4 2                          H  A K T
         D  A J 3 2                          D  8 6
         C  J                                C  A Q T 3 2
                          S  A 4 3 2
                          H  J 7 5 3
                          D  K 9 7
                          C  9 6


         West        North       East        South
         Juuri-Oja   Knap        Utter       Wasik
         -           Pass        1NT         Pass
         2C          Pass        2D          Pass
         3NT         All Pass    

Comments: 1NT=13-17, 5-card major possible, 2D= no 4-card major,
minimum hand

Contract: Three No-Trumps, played by East

Lead: Three of Hearts

Play: 1) Heart to the Ten; 2) Club to the Jack; 3) Heart to the Ace;
4) Queen of Clubs, taken by the King (spade discarded); 5) Four of
Diamonds for the six, nine and Jack.

Result: 9 tricks, NS +400

The Facts: North had thought for a considerable time before playing
the D4. East had played the 6 on this after a pause of 15 seconds.
South called the Director at the end of the hand, claiming that this
hesitation had led him to believe that East held the DQ, which is why
he had not put in the King, thus presenting Declarer with his ninth
trick.

The Director: Established that East did not dispute the pause, and had
not said sorry or anything of that sort, and that South had been
misled as a result.

However, it was not certain that South would always play the King, and
the Director did not want to give South a free safety play by
adjusting the score completely.

South has drawn inference from a mannerism of an opponent and the Laws
state that this has to be done at his own risk.

East had no reason to hesitate however, and although the Director did
not believe East had any intention of deceiving, he could have known
that the pause would benefit his side and should not keep the full
benefit that had resulted. After due consulting, the Director decided
to award a split score.

Ruling: Score adjusted to

North/South receive: 33.3% of 3NT-1 by East (NS +50) plus 66.7% of 3NT
made by East (NS -400) which translates to -3 for the team of
North/South (other table result NS -120)

East/West receive: 66.7% of 3NT-1 by East (NS +50) plus 33.3% of 3NT
made by East (NS -400) which translates to -1 for the team of
East/West

Relevant Laws: Law 73D1, 73F2 Law 16A2 Law12C3, Code of Practice
enabling Tournament Director to award Adjusted Scores under Law 12C3.

North/South appealed.

Present: North, South, and both Captains

The players: North explained why he had needed to think before
switching to Diamonds. He pictured East with 3325, because he knew
partner held four spades. North had tried to cut East/West's
communications in Diamonds. The D4 was fourth best.

South stated that he too had pictured East with 3325, specifically
since East had discarded a spade in dummy. When East hesitated,
South found this showed the Diamond Queen, and the nine (or the seven)
would be the right card to play.

North/South believed it was unethical to hesitate with a small
doubleton and not apologize at the table. East, who did not attend the
meeting, had asked his captain to convey his apologies to North/South.
He was tired, it was hot, and he did not do it on purpose, but had
fallen asleep.

The Committee: Thought the Director had made a perfect ruling. The
Committee felt that since the ruling may seem strange to players, and
is not very common, North/South were entitled to have the Committee
review the ruling and their deposit was returned for that reason only.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 17

Italy v Russia

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Jan Kamras (Sweden,
Scribe), Jean-Claude Beineix (France)

Open Teams Round 15

                  Board 12. N/S vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  A 7 5 3
                          H  T 2
                          D  Q T 3
                          C  A Q 5 4
         S  Q 6                              S  J 8 4
         H  9 8 5 4                          H  K Q J 6 3
         D  J                                D  K 9 5 4
         C  J T 8 6 3 2                      C  9
                          S  K T 9 2
                          H  A 7
                          D  A 8 7 6 2
                          C  K 7

         West        North       East        South
         Kholomeev   Lauria      Zlotov      Versace
         3C          Pass        Pass        Dble
         Pass        3NT         All Pass    

Comments: 3C was alerted by West as being very weak.

Contract: Three No-Trumps, played by North

Result: 7 tricks, NS -200

The Facts: North called the Director claiming that there had been no
alert on his side about the 3C opening being very weak. He stated he
would not have bid 3NT had he known this.

The Director: Ruled that there was no specific regulation requiring an
alert for such openings. The general alerting policy applies, which
state that one must alert things that are unexpected for opponents.
Wild and random pre-empts are quite common at this level of
competition. Besides, East/West's style of pre-empting was clearly
indicated on the front page of their Convention Card. This meant there
had been no misinformation. Furthermore, North made no attempt to
inquire as to the meaning of 3C before deciding on his action.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A EBL and WBF alerting policy

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: South said that, having been alerted to the 3C opening
being very weak, he took this into account when reopening, but that
his partner had no chance to take the right decision. West stated that
he alerted his call more as an additional courtesy to South.

The Committee: Found that the Director judged the situation correctly
based on the undisputed facts. Since the appellants presented no
further evidence in support of their case, the Committee found the
appeal to be without merit.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 18

Italy v Spain

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England), Steen Mller (Denmark)

Ladies Teams Round 8

                   Board 6. E/W vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  A K 3 2
                          H  K Q T 7 3
                          D  T 4 3
                          C  2
         S  8 6 5                            S  T
         H  -                                H  A 9 6 5 4 2
         D  A 6 5                            D  K Q 2
         C  A Q J 9 8 7 6                    C  K 5 4
                          S  Q J 9 7 4
                          H  J 8
                          D  J 9 8 7
                          C  T 3

         West        North       East        South
         Santos      Manara      Matut       Ferlazzo
         -           -           1H          1S
         2C          4S          5C          Pass
         6C          Pass        Pass        6S
         Dble        All Pass    

Comments: 2C was forcing

Contract: Six Spades Doubled, played by South

Result: 8 tricks, NS -800

The Facts: The tray had come back with the two passes after some
delay. West said it had taken a minute, while South agreed it was more
than 30 seconds. West called the Director after the bid of 6S.

The Director: Decided that the break in tempo had been established and
that this constituted unauthorized information to South. After
consultation of his colleagues and some players, he considered passing
a logical alternative for South. There are 12 tricks available to
East/West.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 6C by West, making, NS -1370

Relevant Laws: Law 16A, 12C2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players, both Captains, and a Spanish translator

The players: North/South's captain explained that he had given his
players the instruction to always sacrifice on big boards. South
explained she had decided to bid 6S even before the tray had come
back. She had not bid 5S because she did not feel the need to
sacrifice against Game, but she did need to do so against Slams.

The Committee: Stressed that when a player is in the possession of
unauthorized information, she should bend over backwards not to take
advantage of it. It was suggested in Committee, that North might have
been thinking about doubling, in which case the sacrifice was less
suggested than the pass. For this reason the appeal was not judged to
be without merit, although this was a close call.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 19

Germany v Ireland

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England), Steen Mller (Denmark)

Senior Teams Round 9

                   Board 6. E/W vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  A Q
                          H  K T
                          D  8 2
                          C  A K T 9 8 4 3
         S  K 8 6                            S  9 5 4 2
         H  A 9 6 4                          H  J 8 7 2
         D  A Q 5 4                          D  J 7 6
         C  J 2                              C  Q 5
                          S  J T 7 3
                          H  Q 5 3
                          D  K T 9 3
                          C  7 6

         West        North       East        South
         Barry       Chmelik     MacKenzie   Hoeger
         -           -           Pass        Pass
         1H          2C          2H          Pass
         Pass        2NT         Pass        3D
         Pass        3NT         Pass        Pass
         Dble        All Pass    

Contract: Three No-Trumps Doubled, played by North

Lead: Two of Hearts

Result: 11 tricks, NS +750

The Facts: South had explained to West that 2NT showed Clubs and
Diamonds. West called the Director after the hand, claiming he would
not have doubled if he had known that 2NT was merely natural, which is
how North had explained it to East.

The Director: Ruled that there had been misinformation. The Director
asked if the double had any lead-directing meaning, which it turned
out not to have. The Director ruled that the damage was not connected
to the misinformation.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 40C

East/West appealed.

Present: All players, the Captain of Germany and a German translator

The players: West stated he had thought they were overboard. He
claimed he would not have doubled if he had been told that North held
a good hand with only clubs. If North indeed has ten cards in the
minors, the stops in the majors would be slight, and he thought his
side were going to score three heart tricks, two diamonds and perhaps
a spade. West stated that East had not shown any points, the Heart
support could have been given even on a Yarborough.

South explained that he and North were not regular partners and they
were having some misunderstandings. South thought the double was out
of this world.

The Committee: Found that the double was chancy, and not related to
the misinformation.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited


Appeal No. 20


Appeal Committee Special Meeting No. 1 HUM system of Luxembourg

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Jean-Claude Beineix (France), Naki Bruni (Italy),
Steen Mller (Denmark) Grattan Endicott assisted in the meeting as a
witness.

Open Teams

The Facts: One pair from the team of Luxembourg was playing a HUM
system during the tournament. At the start of the 20th match, which
was against the Netherlands, the pair from Luxembourg informed their
opponents of the fact that they had made one small change to their
system. The Dutch pair called the Tournament Director to protest
against this.

The Director: Ruled that a pair was not allowed to change their system
without prior notification in the correct form. He ordered the
Luxembourg pair to play the system as originally lodged and informed
the Tournament Appeal Committee. The Chairman of the Appeal Committee
decided that the pair was not allowed to play in the next match and
had to appear before a special Committee meeting.

The players: Explained the change of their system, which only applied
to their openings at the two level when they were not vulnerable. All
hands with 0-7 HCP are opened at the two-level. Originally, 2C was
reserved for one-suited hands, including 5332 and 4333 distributions.
2D showed 4-4 in both minors or in both majors, and 2H and 2S showed 4
of that major and a minor. Just before the championship, they changed
this last element to 5 of the major, thereby putting the hands that
contain 4 of a major and 4 of a minor in the 2C opening.

They had lodged the original system according to the regulations.

They had brought the new system with them to the championship and
lodged the full system, and the new Convention Card, with the systems
desk. A special page with the change, was also handed in. They
informed the systems desk of the small changes and were told that they
could play the new system without problem.

At the start of each match, they informed the opponents of the change
and there had been no comments by opponents until now (round 20). The
responsible for the Systems desk confirmed that he had received the
documents mentioned, as they were in his files. He had labelled and
stored them, but he had not gone through them, and he did not recall
that the team had told him about changes. He had not approved the
change of system, in the manner in which this was always done,
including a mention of the round during which the changes could first
be played and he had not distributed the change to the other captains,
something that is also part of the standard procedure.

The Luxembourg captain told the Committee that he had attended the
Captain's meeting, during which it was stated once more that no
changes would be accepted to Brown Sticker conventions. He did know
his players had made a small change, but thought the rule did not
apply to changes before the tournament and he was not even aware that
it concerned changes to a Brown Sticker convention.

The Committee: Read the relevant parts of the Systems regulations:

1.2 Submission of Systems Each team captain is responsible for
sending the convention cards  before 10 May, 2001

1.6 Changes to Cards  no later than 25 May, 2001

1.7 Special Responsibility for HUM, RED and BROWN STICKER  there is
a special responsibility for users to explain their methods in
sufficient detail, the first time that Cards are submitted  no pair
will be permitted to claim ignorance of this special responsibility
also relevant is a part of Appendix A - systems policy:

5 Convention Cards  After the closing date for submission of
systems, the following will be the policy governing any changes to the
Convention Card and Supplementary Sheets:  c) Neither the replacement
of a Brown Sticker convention with another Brown Sticker conventions,
nor the introduction of a new Brown Sticker convention will be
permitted

The Committee considered the opening of 2C by this pair (when
non-vulnerable). According to their lodged system, that opening shows:
0-7 HCP, any one-suiter, 5332, or 4333. This is certainly a Brown
Sticker convention. In the new system, in addition to the already
mentioned distributions, the distribution 4432 (4 of a major and a
minor) is possible. This is definitely a change, not merely a
clarification.

The Committee concluded that the change of system had not been
approved by the Chairman of the Appeal Committee in his duty as
Chairman in situ of the Systems Committee, or by his appointed
substitute. Nor was the change in any way or manner possible after 25
May, 2001.

It is very important that the players who use HUM systems and Brown
Sticker conventions adhere in full to the regulations that are in
force.

The Committee's Decision:

1) The Luxembourg pair has to revert to the system as originally
submitted;

2) This system had been, and still was available to all captains so
the coming opponents do not need to be informed at this specific time;

3) The pair is allowed to play from the next match on;

4) The pair has to make absolutely certain, before every match, that
the opponents have the correct version of their system;

5) The pair receives an official warning: no change to their system,
however small, will be allowed. If they do make changes, they shall
have to play the WBF world standard system from then on to the end of
the tournament.

Committee's note: No mention is made in the regulations that no change
is allowed to any part of a HUM system. Such a change in a HUM is
however clearly not allowed. The change that was in discussion in this
instance involved a Brown Sticker convention, so the appropriate
regulations applied.

Appeal No. 21

England v Croatia

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Naki Bruni (Italy),
Jean-Paul Meyer (France) Grattan Endicott (England) sat in on the
meeting in order to act as Scribe.

Senior Teams Round 12

                  Board 9. E/W vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  T 8 7
                          H  K T 8 6
                          D  J T 8
                          C  9 6 2
         S  Q 5                              S  6 3 2
         H  Q J 7 4                          H  A 5 2
         D  A K Q                            D  9 6 5 4 2
         C  J T 7 3                          C  8 5
                          S  A K J 9 4
                          H  9 3
                          D  7 3
                          C  A K Q 4

         West        North       East        South
         Perasic     Jones       Caric       Collings
         -           Pass        Pass        1S
         Dble        Pass        1NT         2C
         Pass        2S          All Pass    

Contract: Two Spades, played by South

Lead: Ace of Diamonds

Play: DA / SA / DK / DQ / H3 / C8 / CK / H9 / CJ

Result: 7 tricks, NS -50

The Facts: The Director was called at the end of the play of the hand.
Declarer complained that he had been misinformed about the meaning of
Easts 1NT bid. It had been explained to him as natural, 5-9 with a
stopper. He had based his line of play on this information. Opponents
told the Director that they have a negative 2C response to the double,
two of any other suit shows at least 9 HCP, 1NT is used for balanced
hands for which neither of these responses is suitable and is expected
to include a stopper in opponents suit.

The Director: Ruled that there was no misinformation.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 40C

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North/South expressed their view that the explanation of
the 1NT was incomplete. Given the possibilities not covered by Two
Clubs or Two of another Suit, it was evident that there were a whole
raft of hands for which the 1NT bid would be used. They considered
that South was entitled to be told this, and that some of them might
not include a stop in Spades. East/West said that they had given
correct information to their opponents. They had played together for
some thirty years and this situation had never arisen previously as
far as they recalled.

The Committee: The Committee found that East/West had explained their
methods correctly. There is little merit in appealing when Souths
choice of play does not succeed.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 22

Israel v Wales

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Grattan Endicott
(Scribe, England), Naki Bruni (Italy), Jean-Paul Meyer (France)

Ladies Teams Round 10

                  Board 18. N/S vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  5 3
                          H  A T 4
                          D  A K Q 6 2
                          C  K 7 6
         S  Q J                              S  K 8 6 4 2
         H  K 2                              H  9 8 7 6 5 3
         D  J 8 7 5 4                        D  T
         C  A J 4 2                          C  5
                          S  A T 9 7
                          H  Q J
                          D  J 3
                          C  Q T 9 8 3

         West        North       East        South
         Harris      Naveh       Clench      Melech
         -           -           Pass        Pass
         Pass        1NT         Dble (1)    Pass
         2D (2)      Dble        2H (3)      Dble
         All Pass    

Comments: (1) Majors or Minors or Diamonds (2) Preference for Diamonds
(3) Majors

Contract: Two Hearts doubled, played by East

Result: 7 tricks, NS +100

The Facts: The Director was called during the auction and North
complained that a convention had been used by East/West that was not
on the Convention Card. The Director required the players to complete
the hand. Called again after the play of the board was completed, the
Director was told that North/South felt damaged. They believed they
would have found their 3NT contract if they had been able to prepare a
defence to the convention beforehand, instead of playing blind
against it.

The Director: Applied a penalty of 0.5 VP to East/West for a deficient
Convention Card. Ruled that North/South had not been damaged by the
use of the convention.

Ruling: Result Stands East/West receive a penalty of 0.5 VP

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C Law 40B, 40E1

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North/South repeated to the Committee their belief that,
with time to prepare a defence to the convention, they would have
found their 3NT contract. South said she had intended her double to
show points. She could not redouble on the previous round because this
would be an SOS asking for rescue.

The Committee: Agreed that for sure East/West were at fault. As for
North/South they should be aware that a double of 1NT by a passed hand
would not be for penalties, whoever were the opponents. This is only
common sense. Accordingly they should be expected to have prepared
principles by which to counter two-suited doubles, in particular, in
this situation. Moreover it is not unusual that a double following a
penalty double can now be a take-out double in a situation like this.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 23

Denmark v Finland

Appeals Committe: Grattan Endicott (Chairman and Scribe, England),
Naki Bruni (Italy), Jean-Paul Meyer (France)

Ladies Teams Round 11

                  Board 12. N/S vul. Dealer West. 

                          S  K Q 9 6 4 3
                          H  -
                          D  K
                          C  A J T 8 6 3
         S  T 8 2                            S  J 5
         H  8 3 2                            H  K Q T 7 5
         D  A 5 4                            D  T 9 8 7 3
         C  K 7 5 4                          C  Q
                          S  A 7
                          H  A J 9 6
                          D  Q J 6 2
                          C  9 2

         West        North       East        South
         Koistinen   Kirstan     Bckstrm   Krefeld
         Pass        1S          2S          Pass
         3C          Dble        3D          Dble
         All Pass    

Contract: Three Diamonds Doubled, played by East

Play: immaterial, but the following end position is reached, East
having made three tricks so far, and in hand:

S - H K Q 10 D 9 8 C -

S - H A J 9 6 D Q C -

Result: 5 tricks, NS +800

The Facts: The Director was called after the play on the following
board. East wished to withdraw her concession of three tricks in the
above position. According to East, both the King of Hearts and the Ace
of Hearts had been played, but South asserted that she had not in fact
played the Ace, having it in her hand but not having put it in the
played position. The Director investigated how the card had been held
and reached a conclusion that it had been played.

The Director: allowed the withdrawal of concession in respect of one
trick.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 3DX-3, NS +500

Relevant Laws: Law 45C1, 70A, 70B, 71C

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and the Captain of Denmark

The players: South repeated to the Committee that she did not consider
her card played. She had demonstrated to the Director the position of
her card as it was after East had conceded the tricks. She agreed that
if she had ducked the trick declarer's play next of a diamond would
lead to the same position. East said she had made no statement
concerning her action in the latter case since in fact the Ace had
been played so that she could see it.

The Committee: In the presence of the players, the Committee discussed
with the Director his investigation of the alleged play of the Ace. In
their deliberations the Committee upheld the ruling of the Director
that the Ace had been played. It was also noted that even if the Ace
had not been played to the trick there can be no doubt at this level
of play that Declarer would then play a Diamond, and this must be
deemed the only normal play in that position.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 24

Italy v Sweden

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England)

Ladies Teams Round 9

                   Board 2. N/S vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  6
                          H  K J 7 4
                          D  A T 8 6 3
                          C  A K 3
         S  A T 5 4 2                        S  9 7 3
         H  8 6                              H  A 9 3
         D  9                                D  Q J 5
         C  Q T 7 4 2                        C  9 8 6 5
                          S  K Q J 8
                          H  Q T 5 2
                          D  K 7 4 2
                          C  J

         West        North       East        South
         Karlsson-   Oliveiri    Evelius-    Arrigoni
         Uisk                    Nohrn      
         -           -           -           1D
         Pass        1H          Pass        2H
         Pass        2S          Pass        2NT
         Pass        3C          Pass        3H
         Pass        3S          Pass        3NT
         Pass        4C          Pass        4D
         Pass        4S          Pass        5H
         All Pass    

Comments: 1D nat 11-20; 1H nat 4+; 2H nat maybe 3 cards; 2S asking;
2NT 4 card support, singleton;

3C asking 3H club singleton, minimum; 3S, 3NT first or second round
control in spades; 4C and 4D first or second round controls; 4S first
round control.

Contract: Five Hearts, played by North

Lead: Jack of Clubs

Play: Declarer North played two rounds of Hearts, East taking the
second, while West played the six and eight in that order. East now
switched to the Queen of Diamonds.

Result: 11 tricks, NS +650

The Facts: East/West called the Director to protest about the
explanation that South had given to West, saying that 4S showed first
round control in Spades. West's signal in Hearts, which denied the Ace
of Spades, was given so as not to help declarer. East had been told 4S
showed first or second round control, and she had therefore concluded
from her partner's signal that North held the Ace of Spades, and she
had switched to Diamonds as a consequence.

The Director: Found that the explanation first round control had
been the correct one, so West had not been misinformed. The Director
also found that the switch to Diamonds would always be made, so he
ruled there had been no damage.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North explained that, when she bid 4S, she had forgotten
she had already showed the (first or) second round control in spades
by her 3S of two rounds of bidding before. She had intended 4S to show
first or second round control and she realized after the board that
her partner's explanation had been the correct one.

East explained that she had asked quite clearly if 4S showed first or
second round control. North had responded control, thinking it was
clear that this meant first or second round control. East had
interpreted it as such, so this was really not a problem.

West explained her reasons for not showing the Spade Ace: knowing that
North was void in Spades, she did not want to help declarer. East then
explained her reasoning: if her partner had been given the same
information than she had, she would certainly have shown the Ace of
Spades. That meant that North must have the SA, and so the Diamond
switch was the only chance of beating the contract.

The Committee: Found that South's explanation was consistent with
bridge logic. North had shown the same control twice, so the second
time it had to be a first round control. West had received the correct
information, and she should not expect redress for her decision to
deny the Ace of Spades as a result.

On the other hand, East had not received the correct information, and
as a consequence she had no way of expecting her partner to falsecard
in such a sensitive position.

With a correct explanation, East will know that North either has a
void or the Ace in Spades. If it is the Ace, then the switch to
Diamonds is still imperative if the contract shall fail. If it is a
void, then the Diamond switch could probably only cost an overtrick.

The Committee concluded that with correct information, East would
probably also switch to the DQ, but that was not an absolute
certainty.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to Both sides receive: 75% of
5H made by North (NS +650) plus 25% of 5H-1 by North (NS -100)

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 25

Ukraine v Finland

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Eric Kokish (Canada)

Open Teams Round 22

                  Board 15. N/S vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  J 8 2
                          H  K 9 3 2
                          D  A K 6
                          C  T 9 8
         S  K 9 5 3                          S  A T 7 6 4
         H  J T 6                            H  Q 8 4
         D  9 3                              D  Q J 7 2
         C  A J 6 2                          C  7
                          S  Q
                          H  A 7 5
                          D  T 8 5 4
                          C  K Q 5 4 3

         West        North       East        South
         Stubb       Nemtsev     Pesonen     Mikhailenko
         -           -           -           Pass
         Pass        1C          Pass        2C
         Pass        Pass        2S          Dble
         3S          All Pass    

Contract: Three Spades, played by East

Lead: King of Clubs

Play: first trick for the CA, SK, S to the Ace.

Result: 8 tricks, NS +50

The Facts: East called the Director at the end of the play, claiming
misinformation. He had not received, from North, an alert on South's
double. South had alerted it and explained it as shortness in spades.
East claimed he would not have played spades to be 2-2, but would have
finessed, had he received the explanation that South had given.

The Director: Ruled that North, by not alerting, had explained the
double as Take-Out, and that South had actually given the same
information by other words, adding more than he needed by explaining
his hand rather than his agreement.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: South explained that he had said Take-Out and written
short to explain. East stated that it was explained as Take-Out to
him by the non-alert. East/West stated they did not ask for full
restitution, but that with South's explanation, East had more chance
of finding the correct line.

The Committee: Saw no reason to amend the Director's ruling in any
way.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 26

Sweden v France

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Eric Kokish (Canada)

Ladies Teams Round 11

                  Board 5. N/S vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  6 5 2
                          H  9 6
                          D  9 7 3 2
                          C  J 9 7 6
         S  Q J T                            S  K 8 7 3
         H  K T 4                            H  7
         D  Q J 6 4                          D  A K T 5
         C  Q 8 5                            C  A T 3 2
                          S  A 9 4
                          H  A Q J 8 5 3 2
                          D  8
                          C  K 4

         West        North       East        South
         Lustin      Midskog     Avon        Gthe
         -           -           1D          Dble
         3NT         All Pass    

Contract: Three No-Trumps, played by West

Lead: Nine of Hearts

Result: 6 tricks, NS +150

The Facts: South had thought for some time before making the final
pass.

West called the Director, claiming that this hesitation had influenced
North in her selection of lead.

West stated the pause had been one minute long. South confirmed the
hesitation and did not disagree about its length. North stated that
she had not noticed the delay. East said she had.

The Director: Considered the hesitation established, but did not
believe the hesitation carried any information affecting the choice
between Hearts and Spades.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 16A

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: South explained that she was usually a fast bidder but
she was fixed.

North stated that she believed the final contract had been reached,
and she asked questions about the nature of the 3NT bid and started
considering her lead. Sometimes the tray stays on the other side, even
when the final pass has been made.

She explained the choice of a Heart. It was clear to lead a major and
she knew partner had certainly at least four Hearts. If partner had
five or more in any suit, it was more likely to be Hearts. East/West
considered that a fast pass would tell partner to choose, whereas a
slow pass would indicate that the shortest suit should be led.

The Committee: Considered the hesitation proven. While it is true that
the hesitation carries no information regarding Hearts or Spades, it
does carry the information that there is some interesting lead to be
found, and this inclines to suggest North's shorter major.

When in possession of unauthorized information, a player should not
take the action that is demonstrably suggested by it, when there are
logical alternatives available to that action. In this case, the
action that has been suggested is to lead the shorter suit, and since
a Spade lead is certainly an alternative, North should not have led a
Heart.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to 3NT by West, made, NS -400

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 27

England v Poland

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Steen Mller (Denmark)

Open Teams Round 23

                  Board 10. Both vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  9 8 6
                          H  K J 7 6 5 4
                          D  9 5 4
                          C  4
         S  A K T 7 4                        S  J
         H  A 9                              H  T 8 3
         D  A Q 7 3                          D  T 8 6 2
         C  J T                              C  K Q 9 7 6
                          S  Q 5 3 2
                          H  Q 2
                          D  K J
                          C  A 8 5 3 2

         West        North       East        South
         Zmudzinski  Liggins     Balicki     Fawcett
         -           -           Pass        1C
         Pass        1H          Pass        1S
         Pass        2D          Pass        2H
         Dble        Pass        3C          Pass
         3S          Pass        4S          All Pass

Comments: 1C is either natural, 5+ clubs or balanced 11-14/18-19, 2+
clubs

1S shows 5 clubs and 4 spades

2D is a transfer to hearts

Contract: Four Spades, played by West

Result: 8 tricks, NS +200

The Facts: South had alerted his bid of 1S to West and explained it as
per agreement. North had not alerted it. East had not enquired about
the meaning of the bidding.

After the play, East/West had called the Director to complain about
the failure to alert 1S by North. East claimed he had intended 3C as a
natural bid, while West, who had known about the 5 card club suit in
South, had interpreted it as a cue-bid.

The Director: Took into consideration that the opening of 1C is
accurately described on the Convention Card and that East could have
protected himself better.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and the Captain of Poland

The players: East explained that this was almost like a Polish Club.
He never expected that North needed to reply 1NT with any of the
balanced meanings, and when 1S was not alerted to him, he expected a
balanced hand, not necessarily with five clubs. If he needed to
consult the Convention Cards for every bid, he would never be able to
finish the matches in time.

West explained that they play a special defence over conventional
clubs. The Pass shows either no overcall or a 16+ hand. East/West had
clearly agreed to treat this 1C opening as conventional.

North stated he never alerts this 1S bid, although he does alert the
1NT response, which can be made with four spades. North did not know
why South alerted it. South added that West had even asked him why he
thought he needed to alert this natural bid.

North/South pointed out that when East was going to bid clubs, a suit
bid by his opponents, he might have been more careful in checking with
his opponents how many clubs had been promised.

North/South further pointed out that their line of defence had allowed
West to make his contract. North had led his singleton club, but South
could not read this, as he would also lead the 4 from 10-4. South had
played the Queen of Hearts, which West had ducked, and on which North
had given suit preference. Now South gave his partner the club ruff.
North pointed out that West, who did know the full club position,
should have taken the HQ and played three rounds of trumps, with a
chance of making the contract if he played the S10 to the third round
of trumps.

West replied that to play three rounds of trumps that way would have
been against the odds. When South did not play clubs to the second
trick, West was hoping he would not do so in the third either.

The Committee: Found that East had been careless in not checking his
opponents' systems more completely.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 28

Lebanon v Iceland

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Denmark)

Open Teams Round 23

                  Board 7. Both vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  K 9 5
                          H  K J T 5 4
                          D  K 8 5 4 3
                          C  -
         S  A 3 2                            S  4
         H  Q 3                              H  9 8 6 2
         D  7 6 2                            D  Q J T 9
         C  A Q J T 5                        C  K 8 6 3
                          S  Q J T 8 7 6
                          H  A 7
                          D  A
                          C  9 7 4 2

         West        North       East        South
         ThorvaldssonEidi        Jonsson     Harfouche
         -           -           -           1S
         2C          2H          4C          Pass (1)
         Pass        4S          Pass        4NT (2)
         Pass        5D          Pass        6S
         All Pass    

Comments: (1) forcing (2) RKCB

Contract: Six Spades, played by South

Result: 12 tricks, NS +1430

The Facts: West called the Director, claiming that the tray had stayed
on the North/East side for some time before returning with 5D. South
did not agree to this, and the Director asked on the other side. North
admitted that he had needed some time to consider his response, since
he could show his void if he had held an Ace, but not in the case of
the fifth key-card. East said it had taken some 15 seconds, and the
scorer, who was Polish, also said 15 seconds.

The Director: Ruled that according to the Code of Practice, a delay of
15 seconds in the return of the tray does not carry any unauthorized
information.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 16A

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: East/West stated that while it is not always easy to bid
in proper tempo, it should be possible to give the answer to a
Blackwood question in less than 15 seconds. The hesitation shows
something extra, and this makes bidding 6S easier.

North agreed that he had paused, thinking about showing his void in
clubs and deciding against it without a true Ace. West told the
Committee that at the table, everybody had agreed about the
hesitation. The Director had written agreed hesitation before
leaving the table to consider the case. He thought there should be no
more discussion about that part of the ruling.

South stated that he already knew partner had the void in Clubs. After
all, the opponents are World Champions and they have bid 2C and 4C. If
partner had shown two key-cards, he would have bid Seven Spades. West
further stated that South had been fiddling with his bidding card of
5S, but South denied this. West had not told this to the Director at
the time of the ruling.

The Committee: Read the relevant part of the Code of Practice: The
WBF considers it desirable that players should vary the tempo randomly
when returning the tray under the screen. Where North and South are
the players with next turn to call when the tray is received, these
are the players who are responsible for the movement of the tray. It
is considered there can be no implications if a tray returns after 15
seconds or less. This period may be extended in the later stages of a
complicated or competitive auction without necessarily creating
implications.

The Committee found that the Director had been correct, in accordance
with the Code of Practice, in ruling there had been no misinformation.

On a lighter note, the Committee also considered the bidding, finding
that South had been correct in assuming that partner had a void in
clubs. Opponents' bidding suggested they had 9 clubs (or even 10) and
added to his 4, this did not leave many for partner.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 29

England v Latvia

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Steen Mller (Denmark)

Open Teams Round 25

                  Board 5. N/S vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  A
                          H  A 7 5 3
                          D  K 8 6 3
                          C  K 9 4 3
         S  K J 5                            S  Q 9 8 3
         H  Q 9 8 6 2                        H  -
         D  9 2                              D  A Q T 5
         C  Q 6 5                            C  A T 8 7 2
                          S  T 7 6 4 2
                          H  K J T 4
                          D  J 7 4
                          C  J

         West        North       East        South
         Gonca       Hallberg    Alfejeva    Simpson
         -           1C          1D          Dble
         2H          Pass        2S          Pass
         Pass        2NT         All Pass    

Comments: The 1D has the same meaning as the 1D opening for this pair,
4 of a Major and 5 of a Minor

Contract: Two No-Trumps , played by North

Result: 4 tricks, NS -400

The Facts: East had alerted and correctly explained his 1D overcall to
North. West had also alerted, and South had asked what it was. West
had replied as opening bid, but South stated to the Director he had
heard is opening bid, and he had interpreted it as natural. He had
now doubled, intending it to be negative over Diamonds, but North had
interpreted it as showing Diamonds. North/South called the Director
after the hand was over, complaining about West's misexplanation.

The Director: Found that South had failed to protect himself by asking
a question orally and not insisting on a written reply.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Regulation C2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and the Captain of England

The players: South explained he had received a reply is opening bid.
He had interpreted this as meaning a natural hand with diamonds and
13HCP. It was unlikely he would affect a Take-Out double over any
other explanation. North stated that he had bid 2NT, rather than 3D,
because 3D would be terminal, while 2NT was invitational. West
repeated she had said as opening bid, meaning that the 1D overcall
had the same meaning as the 1D opening. On the Convention Card, under
overcalls, was mentioned: 1D=system.

The Committee: Considered that South had been rather lazy, and agreed
with the Director that South had failed to protect himself. However,
West had also failed to provide enough accurate information. Even in
written form as opening bid is not an accurate description when the
bid shows not just one, but two unknown suits. The Committee decided
to apportion the blame 2/1 - 2 parts to West, 1 part to South. The
Committee ruled that with correct information, a contract of Two
Spades is a likely end-spot, and that seven tricks are available.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to Both sides receive: 66.7%
of 2S-1 by East (NS +50) plus 33.3% of 2NT-4 by North (NS -400)

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 30

Denmark v Israel

Appeals Committe: Grattan Endicott (Chairman, England), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Jean-Paul Meyer (France)

Open Teams Round 27

                  Board 1. None vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  A K T 9 3
                          H  8
                          D  J 8 7 6 3
                          C  9 2
         S  J 7                              S  -
         H  A Q 5 2                          H  K J T 7 4 3
         D  Q T 9 4                          D  A K 2
         C  Q 7 3                            C  J 6 5 4
                          S  Q 8 6 5 4 2
                          H  9 6
                          D  5
                          C  A K T 8

         West        North       East        South
         I Herbst    DSchaltz    O Herbst    P Schaltz
         -           2S          3H          4S
         Dble        Pass        4NT         5C
         5H          Pass        Pass        5S
         Pass        Pass        6H          Pass
         Pass        6S          Dble        All Pass

Contract: Six Spades Doubled, played by North

Result: 11 tricks, NS -100

The Facts: Two Spades was weak. There had been a pause of about two
minutes before the Double over 4S. The whole table agreed to this.
West did not alert his Double, but East did, and explained it as
points. East then alerted his bid of 4NT and explained it as
Take-Out with Minors. West did not alert 4NT. West's Pass over 5S
was alerted and explained as forcing on both sides of the screen.

North/South called the Director at the end of the hand to complain
about the bid of 4NT.

The Director: Established that there was no disagreement over the
pause before the Double, and consulted the Convention Card, which did
not contain any useful indication as to the meaning of the Double,
except that support doubles are in use, without mentioning until what
level they are used.

The Director found that it was normal to play this Double as not being
for penalties, and that there had therefore been no useful
unauthorized information conveyed in the break of tempo.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 16A

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North/South started by saying that a pause of this length
certainly contains unauthorized information. When the tray comes back
quickly, a void in trumps and a side Ace-King make it a good idea to
pass for penalties. When it takes a lot longer, it is easy to alert
and say it is not for penalties before removing.

North/South then added that when the Convention Card does not support
the supposed meaning of a bid, one should believe the player who made
it, and who, in this case, had not alerted it. West explained he had
not alerted his Double, because he believed general values to be the
natural meaning. East/West explained that they would not Double 4S
with four spades, because partner would not leave it in with a void.
East would certainly leave a double in with 2 spades, and sometimes
with 1.

East/West could not remember having used such doubles before in the
tournament. East/West offered as further evidence that the double had
not been for penalties by pointing out that they went to 6H over 5S.
North/South stated that they felt that if a double contains such a
difficult meaning, one should not be taking two minutes for it, since
that contains too much unauthorized information.

The Committee: Found that the Double had certainly been unusual and
not for penalties. East had not used unauthorized information when
taking the Double out. It was felt however, that in later rounds, East
could have realized the kind of difficulties that West had been in
before doubling. It was felt therefore that the bid of 6H could had
been influenced by the unauthorized information contained in the slow
Double.

The Committee felt East/West should not be rewarded for their actions
after 5S. On the other hand, South used poor judgment in not Doubling
6H. South did not at any time enquire about special meanings (4NT
could hardly have been Blackwood), and on lead with CAK to cash,
surely he should have protected partner from bidding on.

The Committee thought about applying some sort of special score
adjustment for North/South, but felt in the end that they had
contributed too much to their own result.

The Committee's Decision: Score adjusted to

North/South receive: The table result (NS -100)

East/West receive: 5S= by North (NS +450)

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 31

Italy v the Netherlands

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Grattan Endicott (England), Steen Mller (Denmark)

Senior Teams Round 19

                  Board 3. E/W vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  K T 8 3 2
                          H  T 4
                          D  8 2
                          C  8 6 3 2
         S  9 7                              S  J 5 4
         H  A Q 9 6 5 3                      H  J 8 7
         D  A Q                              D  K J 9 5
         C  Q 9 7                            C  A 5 4
                          S  A Q 6
                          H  K 2
                          D  T 7 6 4 3
                          C  K J T

         West        North       East        South
         Englander   Baroni      Bomhof      Ricciarelli
         -           -           -           1D
         1H          1S          2H          Dble
         Redble      Pass        Pass        2S
         3H          All Pass    

Contract: Three Hearts, played by West

Result: 10 tricks, NS -170

The Facts: South explained his Double to West as support, three cards
in spades. North explained the Double to East as maximum values, near
16HCP. North/South were playing Blue Club. East called the Director at
the end of play, claiming that with correct information, he would have
bid 4H.

The Director: Asked North/South to explain their methods and
established that South had given the correct explanation of the bid.
The Director then ruled misinformation, but found that East would not
bid 4H all of the time.

Ruling: Score adjusted to

Both sides receive: 30% of 3H +1 by West (NS -170) plus 70% of 4H= by
West (NS -620)

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C Law12C3, Code of Practice enabling
Tournament Director to award Adjusted Scores under Law 12C3.

North/South appealed.

Present: All players

The players: North stated that he recognized that he had misinformed
his opponent.

After the sequence 1D-1H-pass-2H, a double would be a maximum, and
after 1D-pass-1S-2H a double shows 3-card support. It is the second
sequence that applies here. North/South told the Committee that, in
their opinion, East/West had enough information to bid 4H on their
own. They had redoubled and bid 3H, and that should have been enough
to draw the correct conclusions.

East stated that he had also wanted to appeal the Director's decision.
He was certain that with correct information he would be bidding 4H
100% of the time. If South really holds 16 HCP, his K-J of diamonds
are worth less. Also, when the Double shows points rather than Spades,
the chances of partner having 3 Spades become greater, also reducing
the chances of making 4H. North's positive 1S bid combined with the 16
HCP with South had an influence on East's final decision, making that
4H would be a borderline decision.

The Committee: Felt that East/West had presented a very good case. The
Director had ruled correctly, and there was no merit in the appeal.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 32

Sweden v France

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Denmark)

Senior Teams Round 22

                  Board 5. N/S vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  Q
                          H  K Q J 9 7 4
                          D  6 2
                          C  J T 5 4
         S  A 9 8 7 6 4                      S  3 2
         H  T 8                              H  6 2
         D  K 9 8                            D  J 7 5 4 3
         C  A K                              C  8 7 3 2
                          S  K J T 5
                          H  A 5 3
                          D  A Q T
                          C  Q 9 6

         West        North       East        South
         Roudinesco  Halln      Delmouly    Bckstrm
         -           2D          Pass        2NT
         3S          3NT         Pass        4D
         Pass        4H          All Pass    

Comments: 2D: Multi, 2NT: strong relay

Contract: Four Hearts, played by North

Result: 10 tricks, NS +620

The Facts: North had alerted his bid of 3NT and explained is as
showing a maximum weak two in either major. North had also alerted 4D,
which was explained as transfer. South had not alerted either bid.
West called the Director and claimed that if 4D had been alerted on
his side, he could have doubled it in order to receive a Diamond lead
and defeat the contract.

The Director: Found that West had been misinformed and damaged and
adjusted the score.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 4S -1 by North (NS -100)

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C, 12C2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players

The players: North/South explained their systems. 2D is strong in
diamonds or weak in either major. The responses to 2NT are that 3C and
3D show the strong variant, 3H and 3S the very weak ones, and 3NT a
maximum weak two in either major.

Subsequently 4C and 4D both ask for the major, with 4C asking to bid
in transfers so as to let the strong hand play. All these bids were in
a full description of the system, 46 pages long, which had been
lodged.

North stated they had not discussed the sequence after an
intervention.

North had indeed intended his 3NT bid to indicate a maximum weak two,
in which case 4D was asking to name the major suit. South told the
Committee that he had not been sure that 3NT was not the strong
diamond variant, and he had bid 4D just in case partner wanted to hear
some support for that suit.

North complained about the use of the word transfer for the bid of 4D.
A more correct explanation was bid your major, but since it could
hardly have been Spades, the (mis)-description was probably
unimportant. In any case, he had alerted it.

South stated that he had not counted his hand until after the bid of
4H. Then it became clear to him that partner could not have had the
strong hand (unless West had been bidding on very little).

West explained that 3NT had not been alerted to him, and so he
interpreted 4D to be natural, which he could not double. He told the
Committee that he knew North held a weak hand with Hearts from looking
at his own hand and hearing South bidding strong relays. He explained
that he did not want to clarify the situation for them, and that he
did not want to disturb them in what might well be an accident in
their bidding. But if West had known it was conventional, he would
most certainly have doubled it for the lead.

North/South offered a different sequence, in that after the double,
North could let South play the hand by passing.

The Committee: Was of the opinion that North was inventing system at
the table. There was in actual fact no partnership agreement. South
would have been obliged, if asked, to explain the various
possibilities concerning the bid of 3NT. But the mere fact that there
is more to tell about some calls does not make them alertable, and so
the non-alert did not constitute misinformation. West knew about the
actual hand and he was hoping for a misunderstanding. He should not
have asked for a misexplanation as well.

The Committee's Decision: Original table result restored

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 33

France v Russia

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Jaap van der Neut (Netherlands)

Open Teams Round 29

                  Board 18. N/S vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  4
                          H  A 8 2
                          D  T 9 8 4
                          C  A K Q T 4
         S  K T 7 6                          S  A 5 3
         H  Q J T 9                          H  K 6 5 4
         D  A 3                              D  Q 6
         C  8 7 6                            C  J 9 5 3
                          S  Q J 9 8 2
                          H  7 3
                          D  K J 7 5 2
                          C  2

         West        North       East        South
         Petrunin    Multon      Gromov      Quantin
         -           -           Pass        Pass
         1D          2C          Pass        2S
         Pass        2NT         Pass        3D
         Pass        3H          Pass        3S
         All Pass    

Comments: 1D, when in 3rd position, can be 4414

Contract: Three Spades, played by South

Lead: Jack of Hearts

Result: 7 tricks, NS -200

The Facts: This was the vu-graph match, open room. It was the last
board of the match. North called the Director at the end of the hand,
because he had not received any alert on the bid of 1D. Over a short
1D, 3D was natural, which was how South had intended it. Over a
natural 1D, 3D would have been a cue-bid, and that is the way North
had interpreted it.

The Director: Considered that the Convention Card had been very
accurate, and that North could have protected himself better, by
asking or consulting the Convention Card. Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: The Director started by clarifying something which had
only surfaced just before the appeal hearing. At the table, East had
told that he alerted both times his partner had opened 1D third in
hand. The Director had consulted the bidding records and had
interpreted the word both as having happened on boards 10 and 14.
This was untrue, as the opening had been 1D only on board 14
previously. East had meant boards 14 and 18, and had not agreed that
he had not alerted 1D during this board.

North/South stated that they did not believe there had been an alert
on board 18, or they would not have been in Committee.

North/South stated that over short diamond openings, they play a first
cue-bid as conventional, and a second one as natural. Here, 3D was
clearly natural, but North had misinterpreted it because of the
missing alert.

When asked whether they prepared against opponent's system, they asked
they did not, because they were quite confident in their defensive
methods, and they relied solely on the alert to know what defence to
use. Specifically when the opponents use two different systems, they
should really alert.

East stated that he had been wrong in not alerting in the correct
fashion, but it was the way he had been alerting in all the matches,
and in this one, and none of the opponents had protested. He always
made large movements with his arms, and made eye contact with his
screen-mate to see if he acknowledged an alert. Apart from three
opening bids, first or second in hand, all his bids were alertable, so
he really could not forget an alert. He stated quite firmly that he
had also alerted the 1D opening on this occasion. East had asked the
organizers to be able to see the video of the rama room to show that
he had alerted, but it turned out the the cameraman had not been
present at that moment, and that the image had been focused on the
table and not on his alerting.

The Committee: Found that when the players accept to continue with an
irregularity, the Director or Appeal Committee should not step in with
technicalities. In all likelihood, East had in fact alerted and when
the bidding came to North after 3D, North had forgotten this. The
Committee ruled there had not been misinformation.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 34

Belgium v Turkey

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Grattan Endicott
(Scribe, England), Naki Bruni (Italy), Jean-Paul Meyer (France), Jaap
van der Neut (Netherlands)

Open Teams Round 29

                  Board 9. E/W vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  T 4 3
                          H  A K Q J 9 5 4 3
                          D  -
                          C  8 2
         S  K 9                              S  Q J 8 7 6 2
         H  -                                H  7 2
         D  K J 9 8 7                        D  A T 4
         C  A Q J 9 7 6                      C  T 3
                          S  A 5
                          H  T 8 6
                          D  Q 6 5 3 2
                          C  K 5 4

         West        North       East        South
         Zorlu       Kaplan      Assael      Polet
         -           4C          Pass        4H
         4NT         5D          Dble        5H
         All Pass    

Comments: 4C showed a good Heart pre-empt, 4NT was for the minors

Contract: Five Hearts, played by South

Lead: Ace of Clubs

Result: 11 tricks, NS +450

The Facts: 5D had been alerted by North to East, and explained as
shortness. The bid had not been alerted by South to West. East/West
have an agreement that the Double of a short suit asks for the lead of
the higher remaining suit (in this case Spades), while a double of a
holding in Diamonds simply says not to lead a Diamond. West called the
Director after the play and stated that if he had known the Diamonds
were short, he would not have misinterpreted partner's double and
would have led a Spade, thereby defeating the contract.

The Director: Ruled that there had been misinformation, but that the
Spade lead would not have been found all the time.

Ruling: Score adjusted to

Both sides receive: 25% of 5H= by South (NS +450) plus 75% of 5H-1 by
South (NS -50)

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C Law12C3, Code of Practice enabling
Tournament Director to award Adjusted Scores under Law 12C3.

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North drew the Committee's attention to the fact that
East had first doubled and only then had asked the meaning of his bid.
East stated that he knew from his holding, since West held at least
5/5 in the minors, that the North bid was shortness.

The Committee: The Committee was somewhat concerned over a possibility
that East might have doubled initially to show his fit in Diamonds.
However, this would not in any way affect the meaning of his bid for
West according to his partnership agreements. An alert by South would
have been appropriate, although normal bridge reasoning would lead any
player to think that North should not be expected to have bid a
Diamond suit, as such, after West had shown length in both minors. In
making his choice of lead it was crucial for West that he should know
the meaning of North's 4D and it represented a gross failure of
self-protection on his part when he did not ask about that meaning
before he made his lead. For this reason the table result was
restored. The Committee also considered that East should be advised
that it would be better in such a situation to enquire about the North
bid so that there could be no doubt that his double was indeed
intended to request a Spade lead - on this hand there is some question
as to whether hewould know that he wanted a Spade lead, but if he had
asked the question it would be apparent to the Director that indeed
that was his intention.

The Committee's Decision: Original table result restored

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 35

Russia v Spain

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Jaap van der Neut (Netherlands)

Ladies Teams Round 18

                  Board 7. Both vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  K Q 9 2
                          H  A J 9
                          D  9 6 2
                          C  A K 6
         S  A T 8 7 4                        S  6 5
         H  K T 6 3 2                        H  Q 8 5
         D  4                                D  A K J 8 7 3
         C  J 5                              C  9 2
                          S  J 3
                          H  7 4
                          D  Q T 3
                          C  Q T 8 7 4 3

         West        North       East        South
         Sanchiz     Gromova     Babot       Khonicheva
         -           -           -           Pass
         Pass        1NT         Dble        2C
         Pass        2S          Pass        3C
         Pass        3S          Pass        4C
         Pass        4D          Dble        5C
         All Pass    

Contract: Five Clubs, played by South

Result: 8 tricks, NS -300

The Facts: The Double over 1NT was alerted and South asked for an
explanation. West wrote C or D - 10+ point 6+ cards 6 losers.
North/South play different systems depending on the meaning of the
Double and South wanted to know if it was penalty or not. She asked
West should you pass?, to which West responded I should pass. West
would later explain to the Director that she had misunderstood the
English word should and intended to say I could pass. South called
the Director after the bid of 3S. It was clear to her that North had
misunderstood her bidding because of different explanation at the
other side of the screen.

The Director: Ruled that there had been misinformation. He understood
that the misinformation caused the derailment of North/South's bidding
and adjusted the score.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 3C-1 by South (NS -100)

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C,12C2 Conditions of Contest 3.1

East/West appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North/South explained that their methods depended on the
meaning of the Double. If the Double is for penalties, South's
responses are natural, and 2C shows clubs, nothing else. If the Double
shows one suit, the responses become transfers, and 2C is Stayman.

North/South had consulted opponent's Convention Card, which stated
Cappelletti, to which had been added, in pencil mod. North/South
know this convention, but in their country that always implies Penalty
doubles.

East/West explain their system. Over 1NT, a Double shows one Minor, 2C
both Majors and 2D one Major. They call this Cappelletti in their
country, but they have learnt that this is not correct and so they
have added the mention mod to their Convention Card.

West explained that she thought she had explained correctly, and she
was a bit baffled by the question. She though the word should meant
could and she never intended to say that she must absolutely pass.
East/West believed that if North/South's methods depended so heavily
on the meaning of the Double, they should not have asked questions
that could possibly be misunderstood.

The Committee: Consulted the Guide to completion of the Convention
Card, in which the convention known as Cappelletti is described.
Among the explanations is no mention of a Double showing anything
specific, thus making the Double for penalties the standard meaning.
The mention Cappelletti on East/West's Convention Card was in error,
and the addition mod insufficient. Apart from the fact that the
Convention Card ought to have been changed in the prescribed way, an
additional note describing in detail the full set of conventional
overcalls should have been added.

The Committee felt however, that this misrepresentation on the
Convention Card in itself did no damage to North/South. The
conventional overcalls, as truly played, should not have posed
problems for a pair who have standard defences against these types of
conventions. North/South may have been surprised to find out that
their opponents were using doubles to show one-suiters, but they
certainly had the methods to deal with them. As to the explanation
given, the Committee felt that the description as written on paper was
remarkably precise and correct. South should have realized from this
explanation that this was not the sort of Double on which West must
always pass.

The Committee's Decision: Original table result restored Director
asked to investigate the Convention Card

Deposit: Returned

Committee's Note: The Committee asked the Director to investigate
further into the Convention Card of East/West, and apply a penalty if
necessary. The Director later told the Committee that the change in
pencil had been made during the tournament, that no extra sheets were
made available and that the change had not been lodged at the systems
desk. The Director applied the standard penalty of 0.5 VP.

Appeal No. 36

Germany v Netherlands

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England),
Steen Mller (Denmark)

Senior Teams Round 23

                   Board 2. N/S vul. Dealer East. 

                          S  Q T 8 4
                          H  A Q 5 4
                          D  7 5
                          C  Q 8 5
         S  K 7 6 5 2                        S  9 3
         H  K T 8 7                          H  J 6 3 2
         D  9                                D  A J 4
         C  A 9 7                            C  J T 3 2
                          S  A J
                          H  9
                          D  K Q T 8 6 3 2
                          C  K 6 4

         West        North       East        South
         Rebattu     Schneider   Van Oppen   Gromoeller
         -           -           -           1D
         2D          Dble        2H          2S
         Pass        2NT         Pass        3D
         Pass        3NT         All Pass    

Comments: 2D showed both majors

Contract: Three No-Trumps, played by North

Lead: small Heart

Play: Heart to King and Ace, Diamond to the King, Club to the Ace,
Heart, Diamond.

Result: 9 tricks, NS +600

The Facts: South had alerted and explained his bid of 2S as values in
S, not in H, but North had not alerted it. East called the Director
after dummy came down, claiming he would have lead a Spade if he had
known that 2S showed a stopper but not a suit.

The Director: Ruled that although there had been two different
explanations, the difference was not substantial enough to affect the
choice of suit to lead.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

East/West appealed.

Present: All players

The players: East stated he had asked about the meaning of the Double,
to which he had received an answer saying it had not been discussed.
The meaning of the bid of 2S had been different on either side of the
screen. If the Spade suit is natural, then a spade lead is not enough
to defeat the contract. But if the bid shows a stopper, then a Spade
lead might be necessary so as to kill the stopper. East thought he had
been damaged by the misexplanation.

North stated he did not remember they had asked about the Double. They
do not have an agreement about the meaning of 2S, but he had explained
it by saying that it showed Spades, not Hearts. South stated he had
not alerted 2S, but had explained it as since you have shown both
major suits, it cannot be a real suit but it shows a stopper.

North said he thought his partner had found the common-sense bid at
the table. North/South did not see why it should be clear cut to lead
spades.

West said he had asked about 2S, and South had responded we have the
agreement that when opponents show two suits and we bid one of them,
then we bid the suit we control. South denied using the word
agreement in that sentence, and West admitted he was speaking from
memory and could not remember the exact words.

The Committee: Found that the Director had ruled perfectly and the
case ought not to have been brought before them.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 37

Hungary v Ireland

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Steen Mller (Denmark)

Open Teams Round 33

                  Board 15. N/S vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  9 4
                          H  A 9 3 2
                          D  7
                          C  A K Q 9 8 2
         S  A J T 6 5                        S  Q 7
         H  K J                              H  Q T 8 7 6 5 4
         D  A K T 9 5 2                      D  8 4 3
         C  -                                C  J
                          S  K 8 3 2
                          H  -
                          D  Q J 6
                          C  T 7 6 5 4 3

         West        North       East        South
         McGann      Hegedus     Hanlon      Szilagyi
         -           -           -           Pass
         1C          Pass        2H          Pass
         3D          Pass        3H          Pass
         5C          Pass        5D          Pass
         6H          All Pass    

Comments: 1C = 9-12 balanced or any 17+; 2H = weak; 3D = strong with
diamonds

Contract: Six Hearts, played by East

Lead: Spade

Play: Spade to the Queen, Spade to the Jack, SA, HK which North took

Result: 12 tricks, NS -1430

The Facts: 5C was intended by West as Exclusion Blackwood, and he
alerted it, and explained it as such. East did not understand it as
such, did not alert it, and he bid 5D as a natural support. West
interpreted this as one key-card and he bid the slam.

After the play, North called the Director to complain about the wrong
explanation that he had received. If 5C is alerted to him, he can
double it for the lead. The club lead would defeat the slam.

The Director: Established that in East/West's methods, 5C indeed was
exclusion Blackwood.

The Director found however that North would not double the bid with
that information anyway, as South might have a natural Spade lead.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and the Captain of Ireland

The players: North claimed that, because of his holding of A932 in
Hearts, the Club lead is needed to shorten dummy's ruffing power.
Although North suspected that 5C could not be natural, it was not
totally impossible. North stated that he passed quickly, in order not
to stop the bidding by asking what 5C meant. Maybe they would end up
in a no-hope contract.

North stated that if there was a void in Clubs with West, then he
needed to ask partner to lead the suit that would shorten dummy, which
would establish his second trump trick.

At this moment the Director added that North had not stated this at
the table. There North had simply stated that if 5C showed a Heart
support, then he would have doubled, but if it had shown Diamonds and
Clubs, he would not give information to opponents.

East stated that over 5C, North had passed quickly, he had bid 5D, and
when the tray came back with 6H, he had told his screen-mate that 5C
might have been Exclusion Blackwood. West stated that 5C was certainly
Blackwood. Since 3D was forcing to game, 4C would be the way to show a
two-suited hand. East/West found that North must clearly have realized
that 5C was not natural, and that it must therefore show Heart
support. What more information could he possibly need?

The Committee: Found that the Director's ruling was correct and that
the appeal lacked merit.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 38

Spain v England

Appeals Committe: Steen Mller (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy)

Senior Teams Round 25

                  Board 7. Both vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  K J 6 4
                          H  K 9 7 4 3
                          D  6 3
                          C  9 8
         S  7                                S  Q 8 5 3 2
         H  -                                H  Q J T 8
         D  J 9 8 7 5                        D  Q T
         C  A J 9 7 6 5 2                    C  T 4
                          S  A T 9
                          H  A 6 5 2
                          D  A K 4 2
                          C  K 3

         West        North       East        South
         Harper      Diaz RevengaHackett     Alcarez
         -           -           -           1NT
         2D          2NT         3H          Pass
         Pass        Dble        Pass        Pass
         4C          Dble        All Pass    

Comments: 2D shows a one-suited hand, strong if minor; 2NT is
Lebensohl

Contract: Four Clubs Doubled, played by West

Result: 9 tricks, NS +200

The Facts: 3H was alerted and explained by East as pass or correct.
East did not alert it and passed. North called the Director after the
tray returned with 4C, claiming he would not have doubled if he had
known that West need not have Hearts.

The Director: Found that North had received correct information about
East/West's methods and should have known from his hand that East/West
were in a less than optimal contract.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 75A

North/South appealed.

Present: All players except South, and both Captains

The players: North stated that he felt that he was prevented from
finding his normal contract of 4H. When asked why he had doubled 3H,
he stated that he had no choice. He knew he was close to a Game score,
and defending undoubled would not be enough. He stated that he did
realize that East/West had a misunderstanding.

East explained their system. West had shown a one-suiter, and every
bid after that was pass or correct. The system had not been
confirmed after an intervention such as a Lebensohl 2NT and East
thought that was the reason for West's pass. West explained that he
had panicked. His 2D overcall should have been made on hands that are
stronger than the one he had. Since he did not have a way of showing
both minors, he decided to treat his hand as a one-suiter. He chose
the strong variant rather than the weak one (3C) because of the
enormous distribution. When the tray returned with 3H he was ashamed
of his choice, and he passed, not worrying until it got doubled.

North found it was strange that East/West had never discussed the
sequence with a Lebensohl intervention, since this was not an uncommon
system. East explained his choice of bidding 3H. Over a weak major, 3H
or 3S is a good choice, and if West has a minor, he's stronger, and
the four-level should not pose problems. He wanted to catch
North/South before they had found their own fit.

The Committee: Felt that North/South had not suffered damage from any
misinformation, but rather from North's unfortunate choice of bid.
North knows East/West cannot have long Hearts and he should just have
passed to collect +600.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 39

Greece v Luxembourg

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Steen Mller (Denmark), Jaap
van der Neut (Netherlands)

Open Teams Round 33

                  Board 19. E/W vul. Dealer South. 

                          S  J 9 8 4
                          H  T 7 5
                          D  6 5 4
                          C  Q 9 3
         S  A K Q 7 6 3 2                    S  5
         H  8                                H  A Q J 3 2
         D  K 7                              D  A J T
         C  K 7 6                            C  A J 8 4
                          S  T
                          H  K 9 6 4
                          D  Q 9 8 3 2
                          C  T 5 2

         West        North       East        South
         Renno       Zotos       Helling     Skoularikis
         -           -           -           Pass
         1S          Pass        2H          Pass
         3S          Pass        3NT         Pass
         4S          Pass        5S          Pass
         6S          All Pass    

Contract: Six Spades, played by West

Result: 12 tricks, NS -1430

The Facts: Appeals 39 and 40 are from the same match, but different
tables. East had thought for a very long time before bidding 3NT. That
was undisputed, and periods like 2 minutes were mentioned. South and
West had both noticed and acknowledged the delay. South called the
Director after the end of play, to complain about West's bidding on
after the unauthorized information.

The Director: Consulted 6 Directors and 5 players, none of who would
have passed with the West hand over partner's 3NT. On that basis, the
Director found that passing on the West hand was not a logical
alternative.

Ruling: Result Stands

Relevant Laws: Law 16A

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: North thought that West has a clear pass.

East explained why he had thought. In a previous version of their
system, 3S had been non-forcing, and he was thinking about going to
slam over that meaning of 3S, finally deciding against it. When West
bid 4S he should have a very good suit and East tried for slam.

The Committee: Agreed that passing had not been a logical alternative,
and believed that North should not have appealed the Director's
decision.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling upheld.

Deposit: Forfeited

Appeal No. 40

Luxembourg v Greece

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Steen Mller (Denmark), Jaap
van der Neut (Netherlands)

Open Teams Round 33

                  Board 9. E/W vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  K 6
                          H  A Q J 2
                          D  J T 9 5 3 2
                          C  5
         S  9 5                              S  A Q T 8 7 4 3 2
         H  9 8 7 6 3                        H  5 4
         D  A                                D  7
         C  Q J 9 6 3                        C  T 7
                          S  J
                          H  K T
                          D  K Q 8 6 4
                          C  A K 8 4 2

         West        North       East        South
         Liarakos    Kloppenburg KagayammidesSchaaper
         -           1C          3S          4S
         Pass        5D          Pass        6D
         All Pass    

Comments: North/South play a HUM system. 1C shows 8-13 HCP, 5 in a
minor or 4441 with unknown short suit.

Contract: Six Diamonds, played by North

Lead: Five of Hearts

Result: 12 tricks, NS +920

The Facts: Appeals 39 and 40 are from the same match, but different
tables. South had explained his bid of 4S as showing a singleton,
while North had explained it as likely to be a void; if not, a strong
hand. East complained that with a different explanation, he would
have led the SA, defeating the contract.

The Director: Investigated the system and could not find evidence for
the meaning of 4S. The Director ruled misinformation and adjusted the
score.

Ruling: Score adjusted to 6D-1 by North, NS -50

Relevant Laws: Law 75A, 40C, 12C2

North/South appealed.

Present: All players and both Captains

The players: East explained that when 4S is explained to him as
singleton, the lead of the SA is imperative, but if it is explained as
void, then he could not lead SA. He knew his partner did not have SK
as he would have doubled 4S if he had that King. He knows that South
has both minors so the only chance to defeat the contract is by a
heart lead.

North explained their system. The actual situation is not directly
covered in the system notes, but they employ the principle that
similar situations are treated in a similar way, and he pointed to two
such similar situations, which he proved by the system notes which
were available to the Committee. Over an opponent's 3S opening, 4S
shows a void or a very strong three suited hand with a singleton. And
when there is a 3S overcall on their forcing pass (14+ HCP), similar
systems apply. In both cases, 4 of a minor shows that minor and
hearts, and 4NT shows both minors. The cue bid is a stronger version
and shows a void or a singleton with a very strong hand.

North stated that he had explained 4S as a void, or probably a void,
but it could also be singleton and very strong. East agreed to that
explanation, but thought that North indicated a void.

The Committee: Found that North had gone sufficiently far to try and
explain their agreements. There was no clear agreement, and yet he had
tried to explain all the clues that were available to him. South had
in fact indicated a void in spades by choosing the strongest bid in
his arsenal, and then by raising 5D to slam. It was the opinion of the
Committee that East simply had a guess that was very difficult for him
to get right, but it was not by the opponent's explanations that he
did not get it right but rather by their bids.

The Committee's Decision: Original table result restored

Deposit: Returned

Appeal No. 41

Iceland v Norway

Appeals Committe: Jens Auken (Chairman, Denmark), Herman De Wael
(Scribe, Belgium), Naki Bruni (Italy), Grattan Endicott (England)

Open Teams Round 35

                  Board 9. E/W vul. Dealer North. 

                          S  A K T 6 3
                          H  K Q 8 5
                          D  2
                          C  9 8 2
         S  Q 9 8 2                          S  -
         H  9 7 3                            H  6 4 2
         D  A J 7 5                          D  K Q T 8 6 4
         C  K 4                              C  7 6 5 3
                          S  J 7 5 4
                          H  A J T
                          D  9 3
                          C  A Q J T

         West        North       East        South
         Brogeland   Ingimarsson Slensminde Magnusson
         -           1S          Pass        2NT
         Pass        3C          Pass        4S
         All Pass    

Contract: Four Spades, played by North

Lead: King of Diamonds

Play: DK / DQ / SA / C 2-10 / S J-Q-K / C 8-J-K

At this point, the remaining cards are

                          S  T 6
                          H  K Q 8 5
                          D  -
                          C  9
         S  9 8                              S  -
         H  9 7 3                            H  6 4 2
         D  A J                              D  T 8
         C  -                                C  7 6
                          S  7 5
                          H  A J T
                          D  -
                          C  A Q


at which point North claimed

Result: 9 or 10 tricks

The Facts: North claimed, saying I take your last trump.

The Director: Ruled that North may well have forgotten about the extra
outstanding trump. The Director found that North would execute a play
that leads to 10 tricks 2 times in 3.

Ruling: Score adjusted to

Both sides receive: 66.7% of 4S= by North (NS +420) plus 33.3% of 4S-1
by North (NS -50)

Relevant Laws: Law 70A, 70C3 Law12C3, Code of Practice enabling
Tournament Director to award Adjusted Scores under Law 12C3.

North/South appealed.

Present: All players except East, and the Captain of Iceland

The players: North/South spoke through their Captain, who was also the
scorer at the table, and he had witnessed the facts.

North had wished to speed up play by claiming when West had been
thinking about the return. It was clear to North that he knew trumps
had been 4-0. After all, he had noticed the bad break, and had already
finessed once. If he had thought West had only one trump left, surely
North would have cashed the S10 before playing the second round of
Clubs.

When asked if he had claimed for 10 or 11 tricks, North stated he had
not pronounced a number at the table.

West told the Committee that he had been thinking after taking the CK.
Then North had claimed with the statement I take your last trump. He
had not wanted to call the Director then, but asked declarer how may
trumps do you think I have, to which North had replied one. This
fact had not been told to the Director at the table, but North did not
dispute it before the Committee.

The Committee: Began by stating that the Director's ruling was wrong
in Law. Since there is no assigned adjusted score to be given, Law
12C3 cannot be applied. The Committee judged that North had, quite
probably, forgotten about the extra outstanding trump. In that case,
Law 70C3 says that claimer shall lose any trick that can be lost by
normal play.

The Committee then had to decide whether or not there is any line of
normal play that leads to the loss of the tenth trick. Claimer will
take whichever card is returned, including a diamond, which can be
ruffed in either hand. He will then cash the S10, as per his claim
statement, and will then believe his cards to be high. There is a
well-established principle that, when a claimer knows he has high
cards, any order he can play them is deemed normal. It is the view
of the Committee however that, in a case like this, this does not
include the trump suit, which is cashed last.

With that principle in mind, there is no order of play of the cards
that will not lead to 10 tricks. West will (to North's surprise) ruff
one of the tricks that North believes is his, but declarer or dummy
has a trump left to ruff the diamond return.

The Committee's Decision: Director's ruling changed. Score adjusted to
4S by North, making 10 tricks, NS +420

Deposit: Returned




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W  W  W  QW  RW  sW  W  W  W  X  FX  |X  X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           X  X  Y  )Y  HY  IY  |Y  Y  Y  Z  AZ  WZ  XZ  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  6[  y[  [  \  M\  \  \  \  \  $]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           $]  k]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ^  ^  &^  '^  \^  ]^  ^  ^  _  _  Z_  _  _  $`  W`  X`  `  `  `  `  `  a  a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           a   a  !a  1a  2a  sa  a  a  a  a  a  !b  "b  Cb  lb  b  b  b   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Q Q Q \Q ]Q oQ pQ ~Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R FR GR jR R R R S =S uS S S S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          S T =T >T qT T T U 6U hU U U U U U 	V 
V %V &V LV MV gV hV V V W W UW W W                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          W 	X 
X JX X X X X X X X X X Y Y cY Y Y )Z oZ Z Z Z [ M[ N[ [ [ \ K\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          K\ L\ \ \ 	] 
] Q] ] ] $^ i^ ^ ^ 4_ ?_ @_ _ _ ` ` M` q` r` ` ` ` ` ` ` `                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ` ` a aa xa ya a a a a a 
b 4b Sb b b b -c Vc wc c c c c &d Vd d d d e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          e e 'e (e Ne Oe ke le e e ?f f f g <g =g g g g g g g h h h h Bh Ch h h                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          h 	i <i =i i i i =j j j j j Ak k k l )l *l nl l l =m m m n Nn ]n ^n n n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n n 2o uo o o o %p &p 8p 9p Gp Hp Yp Zp p p p p p "q #q Bq gq q q q r Sr r                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          r r r r s s Os s s s t t ^t |t }t t t t t 
u Nu u u v cv v v v %w &w                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          &w <w =w Zw [w qw rw w w w .x px x x 9y y y y y 2z wz z { E{ { { { | O| P|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          P| b| c| q| r| | | | } }  } !} U} V} }} } } } ~ R~ ~ ~ ~ 
 ) N O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               I {       A  Ł  H   ΂   ' m     S  Ǆ Ȅ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ȅ ބ ߄   
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  :  P  Q  x  y              ! 0! O! n! ! !                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ! 
" >" _" " " " " " " " " " 5# 6# }# # # # $ $ L$ ^$ _$ $ $ $ $ $ 1%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1% 2% y% % % % 5& |& & ' ' 
' S' y' z' ' ( N( ( ( ( ( @) ) ) * O* \* ]* *                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          * * )+ l+ + + 5, w, , , , 0- t- - - - . . #. $. %. &. '.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             $ / =!"#$%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  i           @  @ @   N o r m a l      5$ 7$ 8$ 9D H$  _HmHsHtH                  D A@ D   S t a n d a r d s k r i f t   f o r   a v s n i t t                 '*   :      H        V      &	  D	  E	  	  	  
  P
  
  
  
  
  +  q        .  E  F  X  Y  Z  g  h  y  z        
  	
  <
  =
  b
  
  
  
  
  9  o          3  4  g          !  "  ?  @        I  d  e      1  G  H  ^  _  v  w            -  p      -  t      C  Z  [      &  k      7  z          O  j  k                    %  &  J  K              L          .  O  v  w        J  K                  &  i      <          %  7  8  v        '   (   <   =   R   S         !  [!  !  !  &"  Z"  ["  "  "  +#  k#  #  #  #  $  I$  $  $  %  ]%  %  %  %  &  V&  &  &  ('  0'  1'  x'  '  '  '  '  '  ((  )(  6(  7(  H(  I(  (  (  (  (  )  )  9)  :)  ])  ~)  )  )  *  4*  n*  *  *  *  
+  0+  1+  2+  e+  +  +  +  -,  C,  D,  o,  p,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -  -  G-  -  -  .  W.  .  .  !/  +/  ,/  q/  x/  y/  /  /  /  /  /  /  /  /  <0  0  0  0  0  ,1  e1  f1  1  1  )2  n2  2  2  3   3  f3  g3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  4  X4  o4  p4  4  4  4  4  4  4  "5  G5  y5  5  5  !6  F6  i6  6  6  6  6  7  I7  7  7  7  7  7  7  8  
8  8  )8  *8  m8  8  8  >9  U9  V9  9  9  %:  l:  t:  u:  :  :  :  :  :   ;  ];  ^;  t;  u;  ;  ;  ;  )<  p<  <  <  <  .=  t=  =  =  9>  S>  T>  >  >  >  >  7?  w?  ?  ?  B@  g@  h@  @  @  @  	A  NA  OA  aA  bA  oA  pA  A  A  A  B  &B  'B  :B  ;B  oB  pB  B  B  B  B  4C  nC  C  C  C  D  AD  fD  gD  D  D  D  1E  aE  E  E  E  E  E  E  E  @F  _F  `F  {F  |F  F  G  JG  G  G  H  ]H  H  H  H  H  *I  +I  AI  BI  ^I  _I  uI  vI  I  I  I  5J  {J  J  J  J  6K  zK  K  K  K  L  ZL  L  L  L  M  dM  M  M  M  N  PN  N  N  O  dO  O  O  O  1P  bP  cP  P  P  1Q  wQ  Q  Q  Q  Q  R  2R  3R  ER  FR  SR  TR  iR  jR  R  R  	S  
S  S  S  QS  RS  sS  S  S  S  T  FT  |T  T  T  U  )U  HU  IU  |U  U  U  V  AV  WV  XV  V  V  V  V  V  V  V  6W  yW  W  X  MX  X  X  X  X  $Y  kY  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Z  Z  &Z  'Z  \Z  ]Z  Z  Z  [  [  Z[  [  [  $\  W\  X\  \  \  \  \  \  ]  ]   ]  !]  1]  2]  s]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  !^  "^  C^  l^  ^  ^  ^   _  T_  _  _  _  _  `  `  N`  `  `  `  a  Ka  La  sa  ta  a  a  a  a  b  Qb  b  b  b  b  $c  >c  ?c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  7d  zd  d  d  e  Ke  e  e  f  Yf  f  f  f  g  Hg  vg  wg  g  g  @h  Wh  Xh  h  h  h  h  h  h  h  h  i  Gi  Hi  \i  ]i  i  i  i  i  i   j  Vj  j  j  j  !k  @k  ck  k  k  k  k  %l  Gl  Hl  jl  kl  l  l  l  l  l  ;m  m  m  m  m  <n  {n  n  n  n  .o  Zo  [o  qo  ro  o  o  o  o  o  o  p  Jp  Kp  p  p  q  Zq  q  q  q  #r  Lr  Mr  r  r  s  cs  s  s  s  s  4t  nt  ot  t  t  t  t  t  t  t  t  ,u  pu  qu  u  u  u  u  u  v  )v  Hv  v  v  v  "w  Ew  jw  w  w  w  w  w  "x  Tx  x  x  x  x  x  "y  #y  =y  >y  y  y  z  z  Tz  z  z  {  L{  M{  c{  d{  {  {  {  {  {  {  {  F|  |  |  }  R}  }  }  ~  b~  ~  ~  2  i  j      8      	  L    ԁ    6  7  k  l  ~                
  !  "  V  W  |    ƃ      S          *  M  N          L  ~    ҆  ӆ    0  1  V  W  m  n      ͇    W      %  h      ؉    K  L  b  c          ׊  ؊    ]    ݋    b      ,  q      ?    Ŏ    "  #  h      6  z      J                  -  .  G  H    ͒  Β          ;  ^      ړ    L      Δ        B  w    ݕ  ޕ    2  3  ]  ^  x  y      @    ŗ  
  M  [  \        Ҙ  Ә          3  4  x      M          N    ܛ    d            
        +  ,  o                ;  \        %  ]      ̟        U            C          ¡  ܡ  ݡ  #  i      :  e  f      5  6  L  M  d  e  y  z        .  s      ?    Ħ      G    ҧ    %  &  m      ;  H  I    թ    a      ,  p          ʫ  ˫  ٫  ګ      6  s  t              *  M        '  J  m            P        ݯ  ޯ      5  ?  @  Z  [      %  l      ?        ײ    `                  6  7  }      H    ε  ϵ    U          6  7  I  J  X  Y  r  s          
  @  A  d      ϸ    =  w    ҹ      7  8  k    κ    4  5  e  f  }  ~      ػ    _      *  +  m          9  :  V  W  m  n      ޾  %  d          ]      ,  5  6  j  k  }  ~            $  =  >  R  S              L          :  ]  ~            J  l  m                C              N        $  %  l          I  i  j        (  o          +  ,  s           ^  h  i            1  2  q      %  &  i          S      $  3  4  w      H  I  }  ~                    1  2  e  f          *  d          ;  \  ]        %  &  [  \            -  W  X      '  c      /  n  o                  =          L          !  "  5  6  D  E  S  T            %  &  K  r        "  X              P          :  ;  T  U            '  f  g      4  v                  -  .  q      2  s  t      B          2  3  E  F  T  U  g  h            9  :  [  |         8  n          0  1  d        ,  ^                  '  l          a                    H  I        W          Z          	  
  >  ?  R  S  T  b  c  d        +  p  y  z          Q          +  j      9  k  l      ;        R            W        	  O        b      )  p        +  o      +  ,  o  p            b      +  c  d      1  w           G        L  [  \       ` k l       V a b    % & k    - s    
 T         U x y       / R    , S t     $	 T	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 "
 #
 <
 =
 
 
  T   ' P Q           <
 
 
  L    , - s     
   ! / 0 ? @        0 S z    E w      9 m      a l m      ;    R     + B C         0 r     ! e   4 y    9 : L M [ \ n o      * + T s    ) c      ! " U      6 7 y         5  z    ! K! ! ! ! 	" " " :" ;" b" c" y" z" " " " 8# # # $ E$ k$ l$ $ $ >% % % 
& 8& 9& m& n& & & & & & & & ' ' '' (' [' \' {' ' ' '  ( V( ( ( ( ) 3) R) S) ) ) ) * J* {* * * + <+ R+ S+ + + + + A, P, Q, x, y, , , , - 7- 8- S- T- - - . f. . . / / `/ / / 0 	0 0  0 <0 =0 Q0 R0 y0 z0 0 1 L1 1 1 1 2 P2 2 2 2 3 Y3 3 3  4 T4 U4 4 4 "5 e5 5 5 5 6 46 56 z6 6 6 C7 D7 7 7 7 7 8 U8 V8 h8 i8 w8 x8 8 8 8 9 &9 '9 ;9 <9 p9 q9 9 9 9 9 9: o: : : : ; @; g; h; ; ; < 6< h< < < < < < < < < = = X= = = *> j> k> > > 2? V? W? m? n? ? ? ? ? ? ? @ K@ @ @ @ @ 2A 7A 8A lA mA A A A A A A A 'B <B =B SB TB B B B B B C NC C C C D >D ]D ~D D D D E 9E :E dE eE zE {E E E E E E 'F GF HF F F G G DG G G G G G G G G G H H TH cH dH H H 3I VI WI I I &J jJ J J J 6K {K K K K @L L L 
M M M \M ]M oM pM ~M M M M M M M N N FN GN jN N N N O =O uO O O O P =P >P qP P P Q 6Q hQ Q Q Q Q Q 	R 
R %R &R LR MR gR hR R R S S US S S 	T 
T JT T T T T T T T T T U U cU U U )V oV V V V W MW NW W W X KX LX X X 	Y 
Y QY Y Y $Z iZ Z Z 4[ ?[ @[ [ [ \ \ M\ q\ r\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] a] x] y] ] ] ] ] ] 
^ 4^ S^ ^ ^ ^ -_ V_ w_ _ _ _ _ &` V` ` ` ` a a 'a (a Na Oa ka la a a ?b b b c <c =c c c c c c c d d d d Bd Cd d d 	e <e =e e e e =f f f f f Ag g g h )h *h nh h h =i i i j Nj ]j ^j j j j 2k uk k k k %l &l 8l 9l Gl Hl Yl Zl l l l l l "m #m Bm gm m m m n Sn n n n n o o Oo o o o p p ^p |p }p p p p p 
q Nq q q r cr r r r %s &s <s =s Zs [s qs rs s s s .t pt t t 9u u u u u 2v wv v w Ew w w w x Ox Px bx cx qx rx x x x y y  y !y Uy Vy }y y y y z Rz z z z 
{ ){ N{ O{ { { { | I| {| | | | | | | A} } } ~ H~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' m     S  ǀ Ȁ ހ ߀   
  5 6 } Á  L } ~ Ă 
 O  ك  b j k   : } Å   9 | Æ  J    ߇ % g    " `         & ' 5 6 N O  ֊ ׊   ! " I j     T   Ό    L     9 : a b } ~ Ď 
 Q    ޏ # i        2 o p        4 x   D e f   5 |   N q r    2 3 F G U V f g       M N m   ܗ  D ~  ۘ  ! D E x    > ? f g      2 u     \ p q   ǜ Ȝ ޜ ߜ   7 ~    * q       I  ̟  / 0 w   " # h    ' l   =  £   4 d e   ( n   = f g     ¦ æ Ӧ Ԧ  Z z {   ç ħ   + R    , S t     # U      , - U V k l   ʫ  U  ٬   . o   ̭ ͭ     P  خ  Y  ۯ   J   ɰ  L [ \   + p   Ȳ 
 Q  Գ  _   * m   ӵ  _  Զ ն 	 
   + , = >  ɷ     - . Q ~    . d   ܹ  & ' Z      F G n o      ' n   ?     2 3 M N       ! 7 8 _ `   . c d   4 z   G    N    _     ; < N O ] ^ m n      D E j     = y     ; < o   	 9 i        4 t   B    S m n     F G        E     X     2 u    8    - . r   ;    I k l   & l   2 y     T } ~     ]   $ % 3 4 J K       1 2 W |    , b     ( ) \    $ R S s t        ! " i   " # b        	 
    g   8 }    0 w   = >      \     R           0 Z [ o p     
 3 g   
 2 Q t     9 k     7 @ A f g s t      ]     ]      : } ~         =    L c d     Z     ^   1 x    4 M N            ! 7 8 l m     5 m     B c d    / a        ! " h     _          H I    Z     M    `   & ' i   ; w    2  x                      >        
 0 S v    P o      K }    5 6 [ \ x y   I     :           : ; r s   >	 ~	 	 	 
 
 
 E
 F
 Y
 Z
 h
 i
 }
 ~
 
    3 4 g h     6 j    
 7
 ^
 _
 
 
 
 ( > ?          I    > ?       & ' = > e f   2 w    	 I    \   ( a b   # $ i   9    : ; t u        , - A B u v     6 l    ( I n o   
 : P Q x y        0 O n   
 > _          5 6 }        L  ^  _            1! 2! y! ! ! ! 5" |" " # # 
# S# y# z# # $ N$ $ $ $ $ @% % % & O& \& ]& & & )' l' ' ' 5( w( ( ( ( 0) t) ) ) ) * * #* $* %* &* )*                    0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0              0             )  5 '.   X         
  X           $  (+  n.  2  6  F:  t>  B  F  |J  zO  wU  X  $]  a  d  h  Gm  p  Zu  y  >}    "  W  ݏ    ݙ  x    ݥ      ޳  6  A    6          [    X    h      Q  O  c V y
 #  w  M # z& + S/ 4 8 &= @ D >H K P S W K\ ` e h n r &w P|  Ȅ  6 :       ʯ ɴ պ '  _           !     \	 
   #  ! 1% * '.                !  "  #  $  %  &  '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  /  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  :  ;  <  =  >  ?  @  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  Y  Z  [  \  ]  ^  _  `  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  {  |  }  ~                                                               '.       -   5   <   A   a   e   y   }   ~                  ;  ?  C  L  O  V  [  d          &	  +	                                  (
  +
  |                            
    l  o                  j  u      !  !  %  %  Q(  Y(  `(  e(  (  (  (  (  (  (  (  (  (  (  %)  ()  n+  v+  z+  ~+  +  +  +  +  3  3  3  3  4  4  (4  ,4  -4  24  <4  C4  f4  m4  4  4  6  6  6  6  7  7  ,7  07  A  A  A  A  A  A  A  A  A  A  A  A  B  $B  [B  ^B  D  D  D  D  D  D  E  E  ,E  0E  E  E  E  E  L  L  rR  zR  R  R  R  R  R  R  R  R  R  R  >S  AS  U  U  U  U  U  U  U  U   V  V  V  V  &V  *V  \  \  :]  B]  I]  N]  n]  r]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ^  ^  W`  ^`  o`  s`  {`  `  `  `  a  
a  *a  .a  6a  :a  f  f  g  g  h  h  h  h  h  i  i  i  7i  =i  }i  i  k  k  k  k  k  k  r  r  t  t  u  u  'u  +u  ?u  Fu  `u  fu  u  u  w  x  x  !x  Ox  Sx  ux  yx  z  z  }  }          Ղ  ܂                
  C  F          ˅  υ  G  K  m  s  }    P  X  _  d  z            K  R  W  _  c  n  o  v  +  1  4  <  D  J  j  n                  (  -  4  =  @  H  L  T    Ġ  ؠ  ܠ  !  '          1  5  I  M  N  S  b  h                  ?  C  K  O  q  u      {            Ϸ  Է  -  0  t  y                    #                          s  v                                  R  U                                  \  d  k  p                  e  k  q  v  }    	  
  !  %  p  x                  &  )  y                Y  ]  g  k                        !  1  7  B  I    
  K  N  X  ^      > A        	 , 3     	 	 	 #	 E	 I	 ]	 a	 
 
 
 
 
 
   ? I   H P W \ r y       N S f l         w          ^ g j q v        & & & & & & & & H' K' ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) `+ c+ n+ q+ y+ |+ 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 \9 _9 ; ; ; ; ; ; K< O< c< g< A A A A A A A A A B B B ,B 2B sB vB D D D D D D E E M M M M M M M M 3N 6N zP P P P P P P P ?Q CQ \ \ \ \ ] ] 1] 5] 6] ;] E] L] o] v] ] ] _ ` ` ` ` %` "a &a nh qh bl jl ql vl l l l l l l l l m m Xo ]o do lo po xo o o r r x x x x x x x x x x Ay Dy { { { { { { :| >| ^| b| | |   W _ f k     Ŋ ˊ 
  a g m s y            o w ~       Ŗ ϖ ֖    9 <         נ ڠ   N \ ܦ          ' * . / 4 6 ; > E F N Z ^ g k m x      	    " P T 
  Ҵ ִ   F N V \ r y         ķ ȷ ѷ շ ׷    c h o u {  ޺  m t v ~                     0 3 x                 (   G R   S [ b g            ! e l             + / I O         p w          
 
      X [     D H \ ` v z   % .   6 ? O U y   
   9 = Q U V [ k q }           ' , ? J 
 
 
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      S V 
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 v y               a d             * * * "* )*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          * &* )*        P e r   N o r d l a n d O C : \ W I N D O W S \ A p p l i c a t i o n   D a t a \ M i c r o s o f t \ W o r d \ A u t o g j e n o p p r e t t i n g   l a g r e t   t e n a p p . a s d  P e r   N o r d l a n d + C : \ T L K R E T S \ K i l d e r \ I n t e r n a s j o n a l t \ t e n a p p . t x t     )*    @Oki Ol610ex LPT1: HPPCL5MS HP LaserJet 4P Oki Ol610ex                       @ g  	       X  X                                                                               @ MSUDHP LaserJet 4P                        <     d 
   Oki Ol610ex                       @ g  	       X  X                                                                               @ MSUDHP LaserJet 4P                        <     d 
                              '* @   @      U n k n o w n                                   G  :                     T i m e s   N e w   R o m a n   5                       S y m b o l   3&  :                     A r i a l   ?5  	:                     C o u r i e r   N e w      A            P\_\X\    )P                                !                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          x x 0              $1                                                                                                                                P e r   N o r d l a n d                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                    Oh +'0   h                                               	            
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